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other:putty_conf [2022/08/03 12:22] jypeter [Configuring PuTTY] |
other:putty_conf [2023/03/10 17:01] jypeter [Creating ssh keys with PuTTYgen] More updtes |
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====== Configuring and using PuTTY/Pageant ====== | ====== Configuring and using PuTTY/Pageant ====== | ||
- | PuTTY is a free and easy to use [[other:ssh|ssh client]] for **Windows**. You can use it to connect to your favorite remote Linux servers in text mode, and start remote graphical applications if you also have a running [[other:win10wsl#installing_an_x_server|X server]] | + | PuTTY is a free and easy to use [[other:ssh|ssh client]] for **Windows**. You can use it to connect to your favorite remote Linux servers in text mode, and start remote graphical applications if you also have a running [[other:x_conf|X server]] |
===== Installation ===== | ===== Installation ===== | ||
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* **Paste** text with the **middle button**\\ {{ :other:putty_05.png?direct |}} | * **Paste** text with the **middle button**\\ {{ :other:putty_05.png?direct |}} | ||
* In the ''Window'' => ''Appearance'' category: | * In the ''Window'' => ''Appearance'' category: | ||
- | * You can **choose a font more readable than the default one**!\\ We recommend the **Cascadia Code** font that comes with the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]] application (which means that you first have to install Windows Terminal first, but you will probably need it anyway) | + | * You can **choose a font more readable than the default one**!\\ We recommend the **Cascadia Code** font that comes with the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]] application (which means that you first have to **install //Windows Terminal// first**, but you will probably need it anyway) |
* Use the ''Change...'' button in the ''Font settings'' section, and select ''Cascadia Code'' and ''Regular'' (you can also experiment with styles different from ''Regular'', and different font sizes)\\ {{ :other:putty_cascadia_font.png?direct |}} {{ :other:putty_cascadia_styles.png?direct |}} | * Use the ''Change...'' button in the ''Font settings'' section, and select ''Cascadia Code'' and ''Regular'' (you can also experiment with styles different from ''Regular'', and different font sizes)\\ {{ :other:putty_cascadia_font.png?direct |}} {{ :other:putty_cascadia_styles.png?direct |}} | ||
* In the ''Connection'' => ''Data'' category: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''Data'' category: | ||
* Specify your login name (on the LSCE servers) in **Auto-login username**. This way you won't have to type it when you connect to the Linux server!\\ {{ :other:putty_06.png?direct |}} | * Specify your login name (on the LSCE servers) in **Auto-login username**. This way you won't have to type it when you connect to the Linux server!\\ {{ :other:putty_06.png?direct |}} | ||
* In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''Kex'' category: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''Kex'' category: | ||
- | * **<wrap hi>Unselect Attempt GSAPPI key exchange</wrap>**!\\ If you forget to do this, connecting to a server will seem to take forever (if it works at all)...\\ {{ :other:putty_gssapi.png?direct |}} | + | * **<wrap hi>Unselect Attempt GSSAPI key exchange</wrap>**!\\ If you forget to do this, connecting to a server will seem to take forever (if it works at all)...\\ {{ :other:putty_gssapi.png?direct |}} |
* In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''Auth'' category: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''Auth'' category: | ||
* Select **Allow agent forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -A option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_07.png?direct |}} | * Select **Allow agent forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -A option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_07.png?direct |}} | ||
* In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''X11'' category: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''X11'' category: | ||
- | * Select **Enable X11 forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -X option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_08.png?direct |}} | + | * Select **Enable X11 forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -X option]]\\ Note: remember that you will also need an [[other:x_conf|X server running]] in order to display graphics!\\ {{ :other:putty_08.png?direct |}} |
* When you have finished updating the settings, **do not forget to go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and Save the session**!\\ {{ :other:putty_09.png?direct |}} | * When you have finished updating the settings, **do not forget to go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and Save the session**!\\ {{ :other:putty_09.png?direct |}} | ||
- | * Click on ''Open'' to connect to the default host with the default settings, and check that things are working properly\\ The first time you connect to a server, you will get a ''PuTTY Security Alert'' window, where you have to click on ''Accept'' to tell PuTTY that you trust the connection to this new server\\ {{ :other:putty_new_host.png?direct |}} | + | * Click on ''Open'' to connect to the specified host with the updated settings, and check that things are working properly\\ The first time you connect to a server, you will get a ''PuTTY Security Alert'' window, where you have to click on ''Accept'' to tell PuTTY that you trust the connection to this new server\\ {{ :other:putty_new_host.png?direct |}} |
- | ==== Adding more sessions ==== | + | ==== Adding more connection profiles ==== |
[[other:putty_conf#launching_putty_pageant|Start Pageant]], and then the //PuTTY Configuration manager//: (Right click on) ''Pageant'' => ''New Session'' | [[other:putty_conf#launching_putty_pageant|Start Pageant]], and then the //PuTTY Configuration manager//: (Right click on) ''Pageant'' => ''New Session'' | ||
- | === Direct connection to a remote server === | + | === New profile for a direct connection to a remote server === |
* Select an existing session (e.g. the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]] defined above) and click on **Load** | * Select an existing session (e.g. the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]] defined above) and click on **Load** | ||
* Update the values of the **Host Name** and **Saved Session** (the name of the new profile you want) text fields, and settings | * Update the values of the **Host Name** and **Saved Session** (the name of the new profile you want) text fields, and settings | ||
- | * connecting to **LSCE from INSIDE LSCE**: | + | * Example: connecting to **LSCE from INSIDE LSCE**\\ (inside <=> computer connected to the wired network): |
* ''Host Name'' => ''obelix'' | * ''Host Name'' => ''obelix'' | ||
* ''Saved Session'' => ''obelix (direct connection)'' | * ''Saved Session'' => ''obelix (direct connection)'' | ||
- | * connecting to [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/MESO_User/Quick_start.html|ciclad]]: | + | * Example: connecting to [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/MESO_User/Quick_start.html|ciclad]]: |
* ''Host Name'' => ''ciclad.ipsl.upmc.fr'' | * ''Host Name'' => ''ciclad.ipsl.upmc.fr'' | ||
* ''Saved Session'' => ''ciclad'' | * ''Saved Session'' => ''ciclad'' | ||
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* Go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and **Save** the session | * Go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and **Save** the session | ||
- | === Connection through a gateway === | + | === New profile with a connection through a gateway === |
- | * Select an existing //gateway// session and click on **Load**.\\ For connecting to LSCE **from OUTSIDE LSCE**, select the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]]\\ If you are at LSCE, but use the //eduroam// or the //guest// **WiFi network**, you are considered as being //outside LSCE//! | + | * Select an existing //gateway// session (e.g. ''ssh1'') and click on **Load**.\\ For connecting to LSCE **from OUTSIDE LSCE**, select the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]]\\ If you are at LSCE, but use the //eduroam// or the //guest// **WiFi network**, you are considered as being //outside LSCE//! |
* In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' category, specify the command used to connect to the target server in the **Remote command** field\\ e.g. **for LSCE**, use: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' category, specify the command used to connect to the target server in the **Remote command** field\\ e.g. **for LSCE**, use: | ||
* ''ssh -X -A obelix'' (check the [[other:ssh#standard_usage|useful ssh options]] for more details on the options)\\ {{ :other:putty_10b.png?direct |}} | * ''ssh -X -A obelix'' (check the [[other:ssh#standard_usage|useful ssh options]] for more details on the options)\\ {{ :other:putty_10b.png?direct |}} | ||
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* ''%%"C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" -load "obelix (direct)"%%'' | * ''%%"C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" -load "obelix (direct)"%%'' | ||
* Click **OK** to save the changes | * Click **OK** to save the changes | ||
- | * You can now connect to the remote server just by clicking on the desktop shortcut, instead of right-clicking on the Pageant icon! | + | * You can now connect to the remote server just by clicking on the desktop shortcut, instead of right-clicking on the ''Pageant'' icon! |
===== Using ssh keys ===== | ===== Using ssh keys ===== | ||
Read the [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|Using ssh keys]] section if you don't know what //ssh keys// are | Read the [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|Using ssh keys]] section if you don't know what //ssh keys// are | ||
- | ==== Existing ssh keys ==== | + | <WRAP center round important 80%> |
+ | * **Do not lose** the (existing) ssh keys files you have, or the keys that you will create | ||
+ | * It's a very good idea to **keep a copy of these files** on another computer! | ||
- | ==== Importing or creating ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | + | * **Do not forget** the passphrase that will be used to unlock the private key |
- | * Launch the PuTTY Key Generator:\\ ''Start'' => ''PuTTY'' => ''PuTTYgen'' | + | * If you save the passphrase in a file, **do not** put this file in the same place as the ssh keys |
- | * If you already have a private ssh keys generated on another computer, ''id_rsa'', you just have to use PuTTYgen to **import the private key**, and save it to a ''.ppk'' file that ''Pageant'' can use | + | * Easiest thing to do is probably to store the key files in an ''ssh'' sub-directory somewhere |
- | * Import the key (and type the passphrase, when asked) with: ''Conversions''=>''Import key''\\ {{ :other:putty_21.png?direct&300 |}} | + | * We assume below that they keys are in a sub-directory of your [[other:win10config#the_most_important_folders|local HOME FOLDER]]\\ \\ <some_disk_different_from_c>:\Users\<your_login>\ssh\ |
- | * Then click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_22.png?direct&300 |}} | + | </WRAP> |
- | * If you don't have a set of ssh keys, follow the steps below to **create private and public keys** | ||
- | * Make sure that the type of key (at the bottom of the PuTTYgen window) is ''RSA'' and that the number of bits is ''4096'' | ||
- | * Click on the ''Generate'' button and move your mouse to generate some random information | ||
- | * Type your ''Key passphrase'' and confirm it | ||
- | * Click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_23.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
- | * Click on the ''Save public key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.pub'' file | ||
- | * Click on ''Conversions''=>''Export OpenSSH key'', and create a (standard) ''id_rsa'' file\\ You will not need this file with Putty, but it is just in case you need to use your private key later on a Linux computer | ||
+ | Launching the ''PuTTY Key Generator'': ''Start'' => ''PuTTY'' => ''PuTTYgen'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Converting existing ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you already have a private ssh keys generated on another computer (e.g. an ''id_rsa'' text file), you just have to use ''PuTTYgen'' to **import the existing private key**, and then export it to a //converted// ''.ppk'' file that ''Pageant'' can use | ||
+ | * Import the key (and type the passphrase, when asked) with: ''Conversions''=>''Import key''\\ {{ :other:putty_21.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
+ | * Then click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_22.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Creating ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you don't have a existing set of ssh keys, follow the steps below to **create private and public keys**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note: extra technical details (that you can safely ignore) are available in the official [[https://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.78/htmldoc/Chapter8.html#pubkey-puttygen|Using PuTTYgen, the PuTTY key generator]] documentation | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Make sure that the type of key (at the bottom of the ''PuTTYgen'' window) is ''EdDSA'' (short for //Edwards-curve DSA//), with the default ''255'' bits. This will generate ''ed25519'' keys | ||
+ | * You could also use ''RSA'' and ''4096'' bits, but ''ed25519'' keys are now recommended on the IPSL servers | ||
+ | * {{:other:putty_23b.png?direct&500|}} | ||
+ | * Click on the ''Generate'' button and move your mouse to generate some random information | ||
+ | * Type your ''Key passphrase'' and confirm it | ||
+ | * Click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create an ''id_ed25519**.ppk**'' file | ||
+ | * **Important!** Click ''Conversions''=>''Export OpenSSH Key'' and create an ''id_ed25519'' file | ||
+ | * You will not need this file when you use PuTTY, but you may need to use this private key in a standard text format later, on Linux computers/servers | ||
+ | * Click on the ''Save public key'' button, and create a ''id_ed25519**.pub**'' file | ||
+ | * You will need to [[other:ssh#installing_ssh_keys|install the public key]] on all the remote Linux server that you want to connect to using the ssh agent, instead of typing your password | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Using the private key in Pageant ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | We assume that the **private key file** is available locally in ''<some_disk_different_from_c>:\Users\<your_login>\ssh\'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Start ''Pageant'' and open the ''Pageant Key List'' window by: | ||
+ | * Double-clicking (left mouse button) on ''Pageant'' | ||
+ | * Or right-clicking on ''Pageant'' and choosing ''View keys'' | ||
+ | * Click on ''Add Key'', navigate to the directory where you have stored the ''.ppk'' converted private key file (e.g. ''\Users\<your_login>\ssh\''), open it and type your passphrase. You can ''Close'' the ''Pageant Key List'' once the key appears there\\ {{ :other:putty_private.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
+ | * If everything was done correctly, you should now be able to open the //Sessions// defined in ''Pageant'', on remote servers where the **public key matching the private key** used in ''Pageant'' was [[other:ssh#installing_ssh_keys|installed correctly]] | ||
/* standard page footer */ | /* standard page footer */ |