====== Windows Command Line notes ======

This pages lists useful things that can be done by typing commands on a Windows computer!

Notes:
  * All [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/windows-commands|Windows commands]]
  * Commands can be typed in a ''cmd'', ''Windows PowerShell'' or, better, in a [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]]!
  * //pipe// (''|'') and redirection
    * [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-xp/bb490982(v=technet.10)|Using command redirection operators]]
    * [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_redirection|how to redirect output from PowerShell to text files]]

===== Windows equivalent of Linux commands =====

Sections below: ''Linux command'' ⇔ ''Windows command''

===== find ⇔ forfiles =====

  * What: recursively find files (filenames) matching a given pattern
  * Documentation: [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/forfiles|forfiles]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forfiles|forfiles (Wikipedia)]]
  * Linux example: ''find path -n '*somename*.nc' -ls''
  * Windows example:
    * <code> PS C:\> forfiles /p C:\Utils\miniconda3_2024-03\pkgs /m *ffi*.dll /s /c "cmd /c echo @fdate @ftime @relpath"

09/11/2021 22:16:18 ".\libffi-3.4.2-h8ffe710_5\Library\bin\ffi-8.dll"
10/05/2023 13:03:16 ".\libffi-3.4.4-hd77b12b_0\Library\bin\ffi-7.dll"
10/05/2023 13:03:16 ".\libffi-3.4.4-hd77b12b_0\Library\bin\ffi-8.dll"
10/05/2023 13:03:16 ".\libffi-3.4.4-hd77b12b_0\Library\bin\ffi.dll"
11/02/2025 09:56:52 ".\libffi-3.4.6-h537db12_0\Library\bin\ffi-8.dll"
31/03/2025 17:25:29 ".\libffi-3.4.6-h537db12_1\Library\bin\ffi-8.dll"</code>

===== grep ⇔ find, findstr =====

  * What: search for a string of text in a file or files
    * //To search for a string with wild cards and regex patterns, you can use the FINDSTR command//
    * ''findstr'' can also search subdirectories
  * Documentation:
    * [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/find|find]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_(Windows)|find (Wikipedia)]]
    * [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/findstr|findstr]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findstr|findstr (Wikepedia)]]
  * Linux example:
  * Windows example:

===== which ⇔ where.exe =====

  * What: display the path of a command (look for a result in the predefined search path)
    * Note: on Windows, also look for files with the extensions specified in the ''pathext'' environment variable
      * ''cmd'':<code>C:\>echo %pathext%
.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC</code>
      * Powershell:<code>PS C:\> echo $Env:pathext
.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.CPL</code>
    * Linux search path:<code>$ echo $PATH
/home/share/unix_files/cdat/miniconda3_2024-03/bin:/home/share/unix_files/cdat/miniconda3_2024-03/condabin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:.</code>
    * Windows search path:
      * ''cmd'': ''echo %path%''
      * Powershell: ''echo $Env:path''
  * Documentation: [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/where|where]]
  * Linux example:<code>(base) >which which
which: shell built-in command.

(base) >which \which
/usr/bin/which

(base) >which conda
conda:   aliased to source /home/share/unix_files/cdat/miniconda3_2024-03/etc/profile.d/conda.csh</code>
  * Windows example:<code>(base) PS C:\> where.exe where
C:\Windows\System32\where.exe

(base) PS C:\> where.exe conda
C:\Utils\miniconda3_2024-03\Library\bin\conda.bat
C:\Utils\miniconda3_2024-03\Scripts\conda.exe
C:\Utils\miniconda3_2024-03\condabin\conda.bat</code>

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