pmip3:design:lm:final
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| pmip3:design:lm:final [2009/12/21 21:48] – pasb | pmip3:design:lm:final [2014/10/02 22:05] (current) – [Vegetation] kaplan | ||
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| - | //Go to =>// [ [[pmip3: | + | //Go to =>// [ [[pmip3: |
| ====== Last Millennium Experimental Design ====== | ====== Last Millennium Experimental Design ====== | ||
| - | The basic principle is that we should strive to include all relevant transient forcings over this period if the functionality exists in the model, noting that conformability with the CMIP5 controls and 20th Century transient is crucial. | + | The basic principle is that we should strive to include all relevant transient forcings over this period if the functionality exists in the model, noting that conformability with the CMIP5 controls and 20th Century transient is crucial. |
| + | |||
| + | <note important> | ||
| + | [[http:// | ||
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| + | //G. A. Schmidt, J. H. Jungclaus, C. M. Ammann, E. Bard, P. Braconnot, T. J. Crowley, G. Delaygue, F. Joos, N. A. Krivova, R. Muscheler, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, | ||
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| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Participants ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <note important> | ||
| ===== Boundary conditions ===== | ===== Boundary conditions ===== | ||
| + | |||
| ==== Summary of Last Millennium boundary conditions ==== | ==== Summary of Last Millennium boundary conditions ==== | ||
| ^ ^ | ^ ^ | ||
| - | | Orbital parameters | + | | Orbital parameters |
| | Date of vernal equinox | | Date of vernal equinox | ||
| - | | Trace gases | Annually varying (850-1850) ([[index# | + | | Trace gases | Annually varying (850-1850) ([[final# |
| | Volcanic Aerosols | | Volcanic Aerosols | ||
| | Solar irradiance | | Solar irradiance | ||
| | | | | ||
| | Aerosols | | Aerosols | ||
| - | | Vegetation | + | | Vegetation |
| | Ice sheets | | Ice sheets | ||
| | Topography and coastlines | | Topography and coastlines | ||
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| ==== Total Solar Irradiance ==== | ==== Total Solar Irradiance ==== | ||
| + | Multiple reconstructions of annual total solar irradiance are [[https:// | ||
| - | The following figure | + | === Wang, Lean and Sheely |
| - | {{: | + | Spectral reconstruction based on a flux transport model of the open and closed flux using the observed sunspot record as the main input. This comes in two versions, A) a " |
| - | Time series of TSI (Wm-2) from 800AD to 2000. For the COSMOS (MPI-M) | + | Lean J, [[http:// |
| - | Millennium simulations (black curve), a 11 year cycle was added for consistency over the | + | |
| - | entire period. | + | |
| - | Notes: We will impose an 11 year cycle on pre-sunspot reconstructions for consistency of the spectrum of natural variability. Additionally, we will give a spectral set of irradiance changes based on modern variability observed by satellite (Lean). | + | Wang, Y.-M., J. L. Lean, and N. R. Sheeley, Jr. (2005), Modeling the Sun’s Magnetic Field and Irradiance since 1713, ApJ, 625, 522–538, doi: |
| - | Candidate | + | === Delaygue and Bard (DB): 850-1609 CE === |
| + | |||
| + | Reconstruction based on an Antarctica stack of 10Be records scaled linearly to the modern-to-Maunder Minimum TSI in the two WLS reconstructions. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Delaygue, G and E. Bard, (2009), Solar forcing based on Be-10 in Antarctica ice over the past millennium and beyond, EGU 2009 General Assembly, [[http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Muscheler, Joos, Beer, Müller, Vonmoos and Snowball (MEA): 850-1609 CE === | ||
| + | |||
| + | Reconstruction based on the 14C record scaled based on an inverse regression to the two WLS reconstructions. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Muscheler, R., F. Joos, J. Beer, S.A. Müller, M. Vonmoos, and I. Snowball (2007), Solar activity during the last 1000 yr inferred from radionuclide records Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 26, pp. 82-97. doi: | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Vieira, Krivova and Solanki (VK): 850-1849 CE === | ||
| + | |||
| + | Reconstruction based on a model of the open and closed magnetic flux including an estimate of the 11 yr cycle. We recommend patching this into the WLS w/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | N.A. Krivova, | ||
| + | |||
| + | Vieira, L.E.A., and S. Solanki (2009), Evolution of the solar magnetic flux on time scales of years to millenia, [[http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Steinhilber, | ||
| + | |||
| + | Reconstruction based on a Greenland 10Be core and a different model of solar flux. 11yr cycle is synthetic. We recommend patching this into the WLS w/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Steinhilber, | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Solar-driven Ozone variations ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | A parameterisation of ozone changes in the atmosphere (lat, lon, altitude) as a function of changing solar irradiance (including spectral variations) is available based on the results of Shindell et al (2006). Data file: [[http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, R.L. Miller, G.A. Schmidt, J.E. Hansen, and S. Sun, 2006: Solar and anthropogenic forcing of tropical hydrology. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24706, doi: | ||
| ==== Volcanic Forcings ==== | ==== Volcanic Forcings ==== | ||
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| The stratospheric aerosol loadings (in units of Tg) provided in the IVI2 data set may be converted into aerosol optical depth (AOD) by dividing the loadings by 150 Tg (Stothers, 1984). The AOD time series can then be used to calculate the corresponding radiative forcing (in units of Wm-2) by multiplying it by (-20) (Wigley et al., 2005). The conversion to AOD is valid for aerosols with effective radius in the visible spectral range. | The stratospheric aerosol loadings (in units of Tg) provided in the IVI2 data set may be converted into aerosol optical depth (AOD) by dividing the loadings by 150 Tg (Stothers, 1984). The AOD time series can then be used to calculate the corresponding radiative forcing (in units of Wm-2) by multiplying it by (-20) (Wigley et al., 2005). The conversion to AOD is valid for aerosols with effective radius in the visible spectral range. | ||
| - | Further explanation is provided here : {{: | + | Note: the '' |
| - | Gao, C., A. Robock, and C. Ammann: Volcanic forcing of climate over the last 1500 years: An improved ice-core based index for climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D2311, doi: | + | Gao, C., A. Robock, and C. Ammann: Volcanic forcing of climate over the last 1500 years: An improved ice-core based index for climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D2311, doi:[[http:// |
| Stothers, R.B., The great Tambora eruptions in 1815 and its aftermath. Science, 224(4654), 1191-1198 (1984). | Stothers, R.B., The great Tambora eruptions in 1815 and its aftermath. Science, 224(4654), 1191-1198 (1984). | ||
| - | Wigley, T.M.L., C.M. Ammann, B.D. santer, and S.C.B. Raper: Effect of climate sensitivity on the response of volcanic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 110,D09107, doi: | + | Wigley, T.M.L., C.M. Ammann, B.D. santer, and S.C.B. Raper: Effect of climate sensitivity on the response of volcanic forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 110,D09107, doi:[[http:// |
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| Sensitivity experiments for the model response to the Pinatubo eruption yield an average global temperature change (0.4 K) comparable to observations. For the largest eruption of the last millennium, the 1258 AD eruption, a NH summer temperature anomaly over land of 1.2 K is found in agreement with reconstructions (Timmreck et al., 2009) | Sensitivity experiments for the model response to the Pinatubo eruption yield an average global temperature change (0.4 K) comparable to observations. For the largest eruption of the last millennium, the 1258 AD eruption, a NH summer temperature anomaly over land of 1.2 K is found in agreement with reconstructions (Timmreck et al., 2009) | ||
| + | |||
| + | The dataset is available in a {{: | ||
| Crowley, T. et al. Volcanism and the Little Ice Age. PAGES Newsletter, 16, 22-23 (2008). | Crowley, T. et al. Volcanism and the Little Ice Age. PAGES Newsletter, 16, 22-23 (2008). | ||
| - | Sato, M., Hansen, J.E., McCormick, M.P. & Pollack, J.B. Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850-1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D12), 22, | + | Sato, M., Hansen, J.E., McCormick, M.P. & Pollack, J.B. Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850-1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D12), 22, |
| - | Pinto, J.P., Turco, R.P., & Toon, O.B. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 94(D8), 11, | + | Pinto, J.P., Turco, R.P., & Toon, O.B. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 94(D8), 11, |
| - | Timmreck, C. et al. Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21708, doi: | + | Timmreck, C. et al. Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21708, doi:[[http:// |
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| | PERI-180 | | PERI-180 | ||
| - | ==== Vegetation ==== | + | ==== Land Cover: Natural |
| - | Anthropogenic land cover change is considered by applying | + | Anthropogenic land cover change is considered by applying |
| - | The global maps with a spatial resolution of 0.5° and an annual timescale contain 14 vegetation types and discriminate between the agricultural categories cropland, and C3 and C4 pastures. The reconstruction merges published maps of agriculture from AD1700 to 1992 and a population-based approach to quantify agriculture from AD 800 to 1700. | + | === Pongratz 2008 === |
| - | The data set can be obtained from the World Data Center for Climate (doi:10.1594/ | + | Global maps with a spatial resolution of 0.5° and an annual timescale contain 14 vegetation types and discriminate between |
| - | Pongratz, J., Reick, C.H., Raddatz, T. & Claussen, M. A reconstruction of global agricultural areas and land cover for the last millennium. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB3018, doi: | + | The data set can be obtained from the World Data Center for Climate (doi: |
| + | |||
| + | Pongratz, J., Reick, C.H., Raddatz, T. & Claussen, M. A reconstruction of global agricultural areas and land cover for the last millennium. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB3018, doi:[[http:// | ||
| To access the files, click here [[http:// | To access the files, click here [[http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | === KK10 === | ||
| + | |||
| + | The following alternative anthropogenic land use forcing data set has been provided by [[jed.kaplan@unil.ch|Jed Kaplan]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | Kaplan, J. O., Krumhardt, K. M., Ellis, E. C., Ruddiman, W. F., Lemmen, C. and Goldewijk, K. K. 2010. Holocene carbon emissions as a result of anthropogenic land cover change. The Holocene, 21(5), 775-791, doi: | ||
| ===== Initial conditions ===== | ===== Initial conditions ===== | ||
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| | Model spin up | Same as in PI | | | | Model spin up | Same as in PI | | | ||
| + | ===== Links ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | * PCMIP Project (**P**alaeo**C**arbon **M**odelling **I**ntercomparison **P**roject)\\ http:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | * CMIP5 (**C**oupled **M**odel **I**ntercomparison **P**roject Phase **5**)\\ http:// | ||
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| [ [[pmip3: | [ [[pmip3: | ||
| - | [ [[wiki: | + | [ [[wiki: |
pmip3/design/lm/final.1261428481.txt.gz · Last modified: 2009/12/21 21:48 by pasb