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other:newppl:starting [2022/08/23 09:31] jypeter [Mac] Added links to the Mac ssh/X sections |
other:newppl:starting [2022/11/18 14:36] jypeter [Text editors] |
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Read the [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Windows 10 notes]], especially the //Configuring Windows 10// section | Read the [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Windows 10 notes]], especially the //Configuring Windows 10// section | ||
- | |||
- | Note: there are also some [[other:index#windows_7_notes|Windows 7 notes]], but you are supposed to use Windows 10 since January 2020! | ||
=== Getting administrator's rights === | === Getting administrator's rights === | ||
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===== Accessing the Windows cluster from a Linux computer ===== | ===== Accessing the Windows cluster from a Linux computer ===== | ||
- | Follow the instructions in the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/winsrv.php|Windows servers]] page. If you need to use a program that is missing on this cluster, see the [[#getting_help_from_the_lsce_system_administrators|Help]] section | + | If you have a Linux computer, but need to use a Windows application, follow the instructions in the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/winsrv.php|Windows servers]] page. |
+ | |||
+ | If you need to use a program that is missing on the Windows cluster, see the [[#getting_help_from_the_lsce_system_administrators|Help]] section. | ||
===== Accessing the LSCE Linux servers ===== | ===== Accessing the LSCE Linux servers ===== | ||
- | You have to [[other:ssh|use ssh to connect to the servers]], and [[other:ssh#copying_files_with_scp|use scp to copy files between servers]] | + | You have to [[other:ssh|use ssh]] to connect to the [[other:ssh#lsce_servers|LSCE Linux servers]], and [[other:ssh#copying_files_with_scp|use scp to copy files between servers]] |
- | If you are really in a hurry, go directly to the [[other:ssh#connecting_to_the_lsce_servers_ipsl_servers_tgcc|Connecting to the LSCE servers, IPSL servers, TGCC, ...]] section, but it is important that you **read the full [[other:ssh|ssh documentation]] page at least once**! | + | If you are really in a hurry, go directly to the [[other:ssh#connecting_to_servers_commonly_used_by_lsce_users|Connecting to servers commonly used by LSCE users]] section, but it is important that you **read the full [[other:ssh|ssh documentation]] page at least once**! |
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==== Working directly on your desktop ==== | ==== Working directly on your desktop ==== | ||
- | Always remember that **your local LSCE desktop can [[#accessing_remote_disks|access remote disks on the LSCE servers]]**. | + | Always remember that **your local LSCE desktop/laptop can [[#accessing_remote_disks|access remote disks on the LSCE servers]]**. |
- | There are lots of things you can do directly on your **local** Windows 10 or Linux desktop (displaying pdf, images, using a text editor, ...), rather than on the remote servers. For example, if a script running on the servers generates a pdf file, it is more efficient to open this pdf file using ''Acrobat''/''evince'' on your desktop, than by using ''evince'' on the server. | + | There are **lots** of things you can do directly on your **local** computer (displaying pdf, images, using a text editor, ...), rather than on the remote servers. For example, if a script running on the servers generates a pdf file, it is **more efficient** to open this pdf file using ''Acrobat''/''evince'' on your local computer, than by using ''evince'' on the server. |
==== Available servers ==== | ==== Available servers ==== | ||
- | * **The LSCE interactive servers**: ''obelix//NN//''\\ Use ''ssh obelix'' to access these servers, and the //load balancing// system will send you to the server that has currently the smallest load.\\ Never forget that you are sharing these servers with other users! Do not use too much CPU and/or memory for a long time. Heavy computation should be done on the //LSCE cluster// | + | * **The LSCE interactive servers**: ''obelix//NN//''\\ Use ''ssh obelix'' to access these servers, and the //load balancing// system will send you to the server that has currently the smallest load. |
+ | * <wrap hi>Never forget that you are sharing these servers with other users!</wrap> | ||
+ | * <wrap hi>Do not use too much CPU and/or memory for a long time</wrap>. Heavy computation should be done on the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/calcul/batch.php|LSCE cluster]] | ||
+ | * Learn how to [[other:newppl:starting#determining_the_load_of_a_linux_server|use the top command]] to determine the current load of a server and the CPU/memory usage of your processes ! | ||
* <code>$ ssh obelix | * <code>$ ssh obelix | ||
Last login: Mon Jun 3 08:49:53 2019 from somewhere | Last login: Mon Jun 3 08:49:53 2019 from somewhere | ||
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* Useful Linux commands for working with (potentially big) text files ({{:other:newppl:houchesa4_updated.pdf}}) | * Useful Linux commands for working with (potentially big) text files ({{:other:newppl:houchesa4_updated.pdf}}) | ||
* Using [[other:ssh|ssh]] and [[other:ssh#copying_files_with_scp|scp]] | * Using [[other:ssh|ssh]] and [[other:ssh#copying_files_with_scp|scp]] | ||
- | * Text editors: there are **lots** of text editors used on Linux computers/servers (vi, vim, gvim, emacs, nano, ...). You will find some basic information below | + | |
- | * ''vi'': [[https://www.atmos.albany.edu/daes/atmclasses/atm350/vi_cheat_sheet.pdf|vi cheat sheet]] and [[https://web.mit.edu/merolish/Public/vi-ref.pdf|vi reference card]] | + | ==== Text editors ==== |
- | * An annotated reference card of the ''emacs'' text editor ({{:other:newppl:emacs_jyp.pdf}}) | + | |
- | * JYP's .emacs file: {{:other:emacs_linux_150806.tar|for Linux}} - {{:other:emacs_win_7_64_140408.zip|for Windows}}, with [[other:win7apps#gnu_emacs_gnuwin_diffutils|emacs for Windows]] | + | <note important>A //jupyter notebook// is **not** a text editor! |
+ | |||
+ | You need a correct text editor to efficiently work with scripts and programs</note> | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are **lots** of text editors used on Linux computers/servers (vi, vim, gvim, emacs, nano, ...), that you can use: | ||
+ | * in basic text terminals (if you know the basic commands and shortcuts) | ||
+ | * or in graphics mode (you may need to have an [[other:x_conf|X server configured]]) | ||
+ | |||
+ | === emacs === | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ :other:newppl:real_programmers.png?direct&600 |}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Starting emacs: | ||
+ | * ''emacs some_text_file &'' | ||
+ | * or just ''emacs &'' | ||
+ | * All the basic functions of emacs are available from the pull-down menus at the top, but the **real power** comes from knowing the keyboard shortcuts! | ||
+ | * **Bonus!** Many emacs shortcuts can be used in the shell or in Python, and will also make it possible to use emacs in text mode (if you get lost on a remote server without graphics...) | ||
+ | * Understanding keyboard shortcuts: ''C-s'' (''CTRL-s'') means //Search forward// and ''M-f'' (''Alt-f'' on a regular keyboard) means //Move forward a word// | ||
+ | * Built-in emacs tutorial. **Highly recommended!** Spend one hour in the tutorial, and save hundreds of hours in the rest of your life! | ||
+ | * ''Help''=>''Emacs Tutorial'' | ||
+ | * or ''Help''=>''Emacs Tutorial (choose language)...'' | ||
+ | * Annotated reference card: {{:other:newppl:emacs_jyp.pdf}} | ||
+ | * Example (recommended) {{:other:emacs_linux_150806.tar|.emacs configuration file}} | ||
+ | * Location: ''~/.emacs'': ''.emacs'' (//dot-emacs// file in your home directory) | ||
+ | * **Editing remote text files** with emacs and the ''tramp'' mode: | ||
+ | * Use the {{:other:emacs_linux_150806.tar|recommended .emacs file}} or activate ''tramp'' by adding the following lines to your own ''~/.emacs'' configuration file | ||
+ | * <code>;; tramp mode configuration | ||
+ | ;; http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/TrampMode | ||
+ | (require 'tramp) | ||
+ | ;(setq tramp-default-method "ssh") | ||
+ | (setq tramp-default-method "sshx")</code> | ||
+ | * Open/save remote files with: ''/user@server:/path/file''\\ e.g. ''/jypeter@ssh1.lsce.ipsl.fr:/home/users/jypeter/.emacs'' | ||
+ | * Use the built-in psy to solve your problems (with ''M-x doctor'')\\ <code>I am the psychotherapist. Please, describe your problems. Each time | ||
+ | you are finished talking, type RET twice. | ||
+ | |||
+ | My climate model does not work | ||
+ | |||
+ | Why do you say your climate model does not work? | ||
+ | |||
+ | I get wrong results | ||
+ | |||
+ | Is it because of your plans that you say you get wrong results?</code> | ||
+ | * {{:other:emacs_win_7_64_140408.zip|for Windows}}, with [[other:win7apps#gnu_emacs_gnuwin_diffutils|emacs for Windows]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | === vi (vim, gvim) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[https://www.atmos.albany.edu/daes/atmclasses/atm350/vi_cheat_sheet.pdf|vi cheat sheet]] | ||
+ | * [[https://web.mit.edu/merolish/Public/vi-ref.pdf|vi reference card]] | ||
==== NetCDF and file formats ==== | ==== NetCDF and file formats ==== | ||
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* Using the [[http://unidata.github.io/netcdf4-python/|netCDF4]] module | * Using the [[http://unidata.github.io/netcdf4-python/|netCDF4]] module | ||
- | ==== Using the Python language ==== | + | ==== Programming languages ==== |
- | - [[other:python:starting|Working with Python]] | + | * [[other:index#python_notes|JYP's Python notes]] |
- | - [[other:python:jyp_steps|JYP's recommended steps for learning python]] | + | |
===== Getting help (from the LSCE system administrators) ===== | ===== Getting help (from the LSCE system administrators) ===== | ||
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{{ :other:newppl:screenshot_xfce.jpg?200 |Click to get a larger version}} | {{ :other:newppl:screenshot_xfce.jpg?200 |Click to get a larger version}} | ||
- | On Windows, you can use the //Capture screen// option of [[other:win7apps#xnview|XnView]] | + | On Windows, you can use [[other:win10apps#snip_sketch|Snip & Sketch]], or the //Capture screen// option of [[other:win10apps#xnview_classic|XnView]] |
{{ :other:newppl:xnview_capture.jpg?200 |Click to get a larger version}} | {{ :other:newppl:xnview_capture.jpg?200 |Click to get a larger version}} | ||