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| other:newppl:starting [2026/07/22 10:42] – [Linux/UNIX] Added 'tree' jypeter | other:newppl:starting [2026/09/10 10:48] (current) – [Available servers] Updated intranet links jypeter |
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| ==== Working directly on your desktop ==== | ==== Working directly on your desktop ==== |
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| Always remember that **your local LSCE desktop/laptop can [[#accessing_remote_disks|access remote disks on the LSCE servers]]**. | * **your local LSCE desktop/laptop can [[#accessing_remote_disks|access (some) disks on the LSCE servers]]**, if it is connected to the LSCE wired network |
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| There are **lots** of things you can do directly on your **local** computer (displaying pdf, images, using a text editor, ...), rather than on the remote servers. For example, if a script running on the servers generates a pdf file, it is **more efficient** to open this pdf file using ''Acrobat''/''evince'' on your local computer, than by using ''evince'' on the server. | * You can do **many things** directly on your **local** computer (displaying pdf, images, using a text editor, ...), rather than on the obelix servers. For example, if a script running on the servers generates a pdf file, it is **more efficient** to open this pdf file using ''Acrobat''/''evince'' on your local computer, than by using ''evince'' on the server. |
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| ==== Available servers ==== | ==== Available servers ==== |
| * By **//inside LSCE//**, we mean that: | * By **//inside LSCE//**, we mean that: |
| * your computer is connected to the LSCE **wired** network | * your computer is connected to the LSCE **wired** network |
| * or you are using the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/fr/vpn-forticlient.php#vpnlsce|LSCE VPN]] | * or you are using the [[https://private.lsce.ipsl.fr/intranet/accueil-intranet-informatique/outils-pour-le-teletravail/vpn-forticlient/|LSCE VPN]] |
| * or you have a //terminal// connected to the ''ssh1'' gateway | * or you have a //terminal// connected to the ''ssh1'' gateway |
| * <wrap hi>Never forget that you are **sharing** these interactive servers with other users!</wrap> | * <wrap hi>Never forget that you are **sharing** these interactive servers with other users!</wrap> |
| * <wrap hi>Do not use too much CPU and/or memory for a long time</wrap>. Heavy computation should be done on the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/calcul/batch.php|LSCE cluster]] | * <wrap hi>Do not use too much CPU and/or memory for a long time</wrap>. Heavy computation should be done on the [[https://private.lsce.ipsl.fr/intranet/calcul-stockage-informatique/batch/|LSCE cluster]] |
| * Learn how to [[other:newppl:starting#determining_the_load_of_a_linux_server|use the top command]] to determine the current load of a server and the CPU/memory usage of your processes ! | * Learn how to [[other:newppl:starting#determining_the_load_of_a_linux_server|use the top command]] to determine the current load of a server and the CPU/memory usage of your processes ! |
| * You can use one of the following commands if you want to know on which ''obelixNN'' you are | * You can use one of the following commands if you want to know on which ''obelixNN'' you are |
| ('mylogin', 'obelix5')</code> | ('mylogin', 'obelix5')</code> |
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| * **[[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/calcul/batch.php|The LSCE cluster]]** (aka the //batch system//)\\ Use this cluster for **//heavy duty// programs**, rather than killing the multi-users interactive servers | * **[[https://private.lsce.ipsl.fr/intranet/calcul-stockage-informatique/batch/|The LSCE cluster]]** (aka the //batch system//)\\ Use this cluster for **//heavy duty// programs**, rather than killing the multi-users interactive servers |
| * //Heavy duty// programs are programs that will prevent other users from working on the same server because these programs use a lot of CPU and/or memory for more than a few minutes. Ask your advisor, if you are not sure | * //Heavy duty// programs are programs that will prevent other users from working on the same server because these programs use a lot of CPU and/or memory for more than a few minutes. Ask your advisor, if you are not sure |
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| | **P** | Sort by CPU usage (''%CPU'' columun) (Default) | | | **P** | Sort by CPU usage (''%CPU'' columun) (Default) | |
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| ==== Using the kill command to terminate processes ==== | ==== Listing processes with 'ps' ==== |
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| | ==== Terminating processes will 'kill' ==== |
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| FIXME | FIXME |
| ==== Linux/UNIX ==== | ==== Linux/UNIX ==== |
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| | === The 'man' command === |
| | |
| | You can use the ''man'' command in any terminal to access the full ''man''ual of a command |
| | |
| | * Examples: |
| | * ''man man'' => ''man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals'' |
| | * ''man ls'' |
| | * <code>NAME |
| | ls - list directory contents |
| | |
| | SYNOPSIS |
| | ls [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| | |
| | DESCRIPTION |
| | List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. |
| | |
| | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. |
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| | -a, --all |
| | do not ignore entries starting with . |
| | [...]</code> |
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| | * Reading a //man// page (''man less'' for all the options) |
| | * ''SPACE'' / ''b'': next / previous page |
| | * ''q'': quit |
| | * ''/pattern'': search ''pattern'' in the //man// page |
| | * ''n'' / ''N'': when searching, look for next / previous occurrence of ''pattern'' |
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| === Documents === | === Documents === |
| === Example commands === | === Example commands === |
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| Misc (re)discovered Linux commands. Use ''man'' to access the full ''man''ual | Misc (re)discovered Linux commands. Use ''[[#the_man_command|man]]'' for all the details |
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| ''man man'' => ''man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals'' | |
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| * ''column'': columnate lists | * ''column'': columnate lists |
| | * ''find'': search for files in a directory hierarchy |
| | * [[https://meetcyber.net/the-linux-command-i-used-wrong-for-years-e2492de5cfdf|examples]] |
| | * (try to) exclude directories using the [[https://www.theunixschool.com/2012/07/find-command-15-examples-to-exclude.html|-prune]] option. Good luck! |
| * ''timeout'': run a command with a time limit | * ''timeout'': run a command with a time limit |
| * ''tree'': list contents of directories in a tree-like format | * ''tree'': list contents of directories in a tree-like format |
| * ''tree -d -L 2 -a /home/scratch01/$USER'': list 2 (''-L 2'') levels of directories (''-d''), including hidden ones (''-a'') | * ''tree -d -L 2 -a /home/scratch01/$USER'': list 2 (''-L 2'') levels of directories (''-d''), including hidden ones (''-a'') |
| * ''watch'': execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen | * ''watch'': execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen |
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| | === Other commands === |
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| | Commands **useless for beginners, and probably most users**, but we needed a place to list them... |
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| | * ''ss'': another utility to [[https://systemweakness.com/the-linux-command-that-quietly-became-my-favorite-debugging-tool-bf51221c3471|investigate sockets]], similar to netstat |
| ==== Text editors ==== | ==== Text editors ==== |
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