other:ssh
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other:ssh [2023/03/16 15:03] jypeter [Generating ssh keys] |
other:ssh [2023/04/14 12:35] jypeter [Windows ssh agent] Cleaned the Win agent section |
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| === IPSL servers === | === IPSL servers === | ||
| - | If you want to connect to the **IPSL servers** (only possible with [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|ssh keys]]!): | + | If you want to connect to the [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/spirit/spirit_clusters/head_nodes.html|IPSL servers]] (only possible with [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|ssh keys]]!): |
| - | * Connecting to ''ciclad'':\\ ''ssh -A -X my_ciclad_login@ciclad.ipsl.jussieu.fr'' | + | * Connecting to ''spirit1'': |
| - | * [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/MESO_User/Quick_start.html|More details]] | + | * ''ssh -A -X my_meso_login@spirit1.ipsl.fr'' |
| + | * Depending on what you need to do, you can also use ''spirit2'', ''spiritx1'' or ''spiritx2'' | ||
| + | * [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/spirit/spirit_clusters/head_nodes.html|More details]] | ||
| + | * Note: the ''ciclad'' server may still be accessible when you read this page, but its usage has been deprecated in favor of the ''spirit'' servers | ||
| === TGCC (super)computers === | === TGCC (super)computers === | ||
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| ==== What are ssh keys and why use them? ==== | ==== What are ssh keys and why use them? ==== | ||
| - | //ssh keys// are a combination of two specific (and unique) **text files**, **the private key** file and **the public key** file, linked by a special kind of password called **the passphrase**, that can be used instead of a standard password to connect securely from one server to another server | + | //ssh keys// are a combination of two specific (and unique) **text files**, **the //private// key** file and **the //public// key** file, linked by a special kind of password called **the passphrase**, that can be used instead of a standard password to connect securely from one server to another server |
| ssh keys have to be configured properly (a few easy steps), and are **very convenient** because: | ssh keys have to be configured properly (a few easy steps), and are **very convenient** because: | ||
| - | * **They** usually **don't expire!**\\ You don't have to change them (except in some extra secure computing centers like TGCC) and you can keep them for years | + | * Contrary to passwords, **they usually don't expire!**\\ You don't have to change ssh keys (except in some extra secure computing centers like TGCC) and you can keep them for years |
| * **They don't depend on the accounts and the passwords of the servers where you use them** | * **They don't depend on the accounts and the passwords of the servers where you use them** | ||
| - | * You can (and should!) use the same set of ssh keys on several servers: you can then use the same passphrase to access these servers, rather than having to memorize different passwords\\ e.g. if you have your private key on ''account_A'' of ''server_A'' and install the matching public key on ''account_B'' of ''server_B'', etc... you can then use ''ssh'' on ''account_A@server_A'' to access ''account_B@server_B'', ''account_C@server_C'', ... with the same passphrase ! | + | * You can (and should!) use the same set of ssh keys on several servers: you can then use the **same** passphrase to access all these servers, rather than having to memorize different passwords\\ e.g. if you have your //private// key on ''account_A'' of ''server_A'' and install the matching //public// key on ''account_B'' of ''server_B'', etc... you can then use ''ssh'' on ''account_A@server_A'' to access ''account_B@server_B'', ''account_C@server_C'', ... with the **same** passphrase ! |
| - | * You can give your public key to somebody and then access their account using your own passphrase (no need to know the password of the other person) | + | * **You can give your public key** to somebody and then access their account using your own passphrase (no need to know the password of the other person) |
| * The [[https://mesocentre.ipsl.fr/|IPSL Mésocentre ESPRI]] servers can **only** be accessed with a public key and passphrase (the password is not used) | * The [[https://mesocentre.ipsl.fr/|IPSL Mésocentre ESPRI]] servers can **only** be accessed with a public key and passphrase (the password is not used) | ||
| - | * By default, ''ssh'' will ask you to type your passphrase each time you connect to a server, but **you can use an //ssh agent// to securely store your passphrase for you**\\ Once you have typed your passphrase in the //ssh agent//, you can connect to all the servers that have your public key without having to type your passphrase! | + | |
| - | * ''scp'' (and [[other:win10apps#winscp|WinSCP]]) and the tools using ''ssh'' on your local computer will not ask your passphrase, if they find the passphrase in a running //ssh agent// on the local computer | + | * By default, ''ssh'' will ask you to type your passphrase each time you connect to a server, but **you can [[other:ssh#using_an_ssh_agent|use an ssh agent]] to securely store your passphrase for you**\\ Once you have typed your passphrase in the //ssh agent//, you can connect to all the servers that have your public key without having to type your passphrase! |
| + | * ''scp'' (and [[other:win10apps#winscp|WinSCP]] on Windows) and the tools using ''ssh'' on your local computer will not ask your passphrase, if they find the passphrase in a running //ssh agent// on the local computer | ||
| * if you use the ''-A'' option ([[other:ssh#most_common_options|agent forwarding]]), the remote server will also //know// (securely) your passphrase, and you will not have to type the passphrase when using ''ssh'', ''scp'' and tools running //over ssh// on the remote server(s) | * if you use the ''-A'' option ([[other:ssh#most_common_options|agent forwarding]]), the remote server will also //know// (securely) your passphrase, and you will not have to type the passphrase when using ''ssh'', ''scp'' and tools running //over ssh// on the remote server(s) | ||
| - | * the local //ssh agent// is terminated when you log out of your local computer (or reboot it) | + | * the local //ssh agent// is terminated when you log out of your local computer (or reboot the computer) |
| ==== Generating ssh keys ==== | ==== Generating ssh keys ==== | ||
| Line 370: | Line 376: | ||
| ==== Windows ssh agent ==== | ==== Windows ssh agent ==== | ||
| - | On Windows, you should use [[other:putty_conf|Pageant]] as an ssh agent | + | * On Windows, you should use [[other:putty_conf#using_the_private_key_in_pageant|Pageant/PuTTY]] as an //ssh agent//, because [[other:putty_conf#launching_putty_pageant|Pageant/PuTTY]] also offers a very easy and convenient way to define profiles to connect to your favorite servers |
| + | |||
| + | * It is also possible (but less convenient) to use the Windows built-in ''ssh-agent'' and ''ssh'' commands! | ||
| + | * Note that the //agent service// is not activated by default and you will get the following error when you try to use ''ssh-add'' | ||
| + | * <code>C: > ssh-add | ||
| + | Error connecting to agent: No such file or directory</code> | ||
| + | * It is necessary to first **activate the agent Windows //service//** (in an **//elevated// PowerShell**, i.e with //Administrator// privileges) as explained in the [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_keymanagement#user-key-generation|User key generation]] section | ||
| + | * <code>C: > Get-Service ssh-agent | ||
| + | Status Name DisplayName | ||
| + | ------ ---- ----------- | ||
| + | Stopped ssh-agent OpenSSH Authentication Agent | ||
| + | |||
| + | C: > Get-Service ssh-agent | Set-Service -StartupType Automatic | ||
| + | |||
| + | C: > Start-Service ssh-agent | ||
| + | |||
| + | C: > Get-Service ssh-agent | ||
| + | Status Name DisplayName | ||
| + | ------ ---- ----------- | ||
| + | Running ssh-agent OpenSSH Authentication Agent | ||
| + | |||
| + | C: > ssh-add | ||
| + | Enter passphrase for C:\Users\your_login/.ssh/id_dsa: | ||
| + | Identity added: C:\Users\your_login/.ssh/id_dsa | ||
| + | Identity added: C:\Users\your_login/.ssh/id_ed25519</code> | ||
| ==== Mac ssh agent ==== | ==== Mac ssh agent ==== | ||
other/ssh.txt · Last modified: 2023/05/03 08:32 by jypeter
