Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- other:win10wsl [2022/08/12 12:30]
jypeter Added the original WSL1 content back to the page, before updating it for WSL2
+++ other:win10wsl [2022/08/25 09:10]
jypeter Improved the CPU/RAM requirements section
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), and Ubuntu ======
+====== Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL 2), and Ubuntu ======
 [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]]
-<note warning>What is described on this page was tested with **WSL v1**, and not WSL 2
+<note warning>
+  * What is described on this page was tested with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#whats-new-in-wsl-2|WSL 2]].\\ **WSL 2** is available in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]]
-[[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-index|WSL 2]] is available in ''Windows 10 v2004'' (April 2020) and more recent, and should also be available in [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/wsl-2-support-is-coming-to-windows-10-versions-1903-and-1909/|1903 and 1909 versions]]
+  * You can also check JYP's [[other:win10_wsl_1|original WSL 1 instructions]]
-The user can choose to install Linux using WSL1 or WSL2. Check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] before choosing</note>
+  * The user can choose to install Linux using **WSL 1 or WSL 2**
+    * **WSL 2 should be your default choice**
+    * If you have doubts, check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] and read [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#exceptions-for-using-wsl-1-rather-than-wsl-2|Exceptions for using WSL 1 rather than WSL 2]] before choosing
+</note>
 ===== What is WSL ? =====
-Useful reading:
+//Windows Subsystem for Linux// (**WSL**) lets you **run a Linux distribution on your Windows computer**, without the overhead of a traditional Virtual Machine (VM) or dual-boot setup
-  * Have a look at the beginning of the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about|Windows Subsystem for Linux Documentation]] for a quick **WSL** description on the Microsoft site
-  * Read [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WSL|What is WSL]] on the Ubuntu site
-    * There is more useful information on the //WSL@Ubuntu page//, you can read the rest later
-In a few words, WSL is not Linux, it's more a way to [[https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/06/15/wsl-file-system-support/|share files between Windows and Linux]] (it's OK to skip this rather technical link!). [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#are-files-in-the-linux-drive-different-from-the-mounted-windows-drive|Files under the Linux root (i.e. /) are controlled by WSL which mimics Linux specific behavior [...follow the link for details...]]]. That's why you need //to activate WSL **and then install a Linux distribution**//.
+More reading:
+  * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about|What is the Windows Subsystem for Linux? (and WSL 2)]]
+  * [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WSL#What_is_WSL.3F|What is WSL?]] on the Ubuntu wiki site
 ===== Prerequisites =====
-  * A computer running at least //Windows 10 Anniversary Update//, that is with a version number of ''1607'' (July 2016) or higher
+==== Windows version ====
-    * [[other:win10maintain#checking_the_installed_version|Check the installed version on your computer]]
-    * [[other:win10misc#windows_10_versions|Check the available versions]]
+  * A computer running [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]]
-    * [[other:win10maintain#updating_windows_10|See if you can update your Windows]] if your installed version is not the most receent available version
+    * [[other:win10maintain#checking_the_installed_version|Check the installed version on your computer]]\\ If you don't have the Windows version required for running WSL, you can:
-      * Note: there is sometimes a delay between the official release and the time when Windows Update will actually tell you that a major update is available for **your** computer (e.g. the //September YY09// update may become available for you only in December)
+      * [[other:win10misc#windows_10_versions|Check the available Windows versions]]
+      * [[other:win10maintain#updating_windows_10|Check if you can update Windows]]
+==== The basics before starting ====
+Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also:
+  * Install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]], because it will be one of the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed
+  * Have at least some basic knowledge of Linux...
+    * Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required
+==== Computer CPU and memory ====
+Contrary to other virtual machines, WSL is well integrated with the Windows operating system and the hardware drivers and has a very low default CPU and memory footprint!
+  * You should be able to play with WSL even with 8 Gb of RAM, but 16 Gb is recommended
+  * Of course, depending on what you need to do on your computer, a better processor will always help
+  * WSL+Ubuntu will use more CPU and RAM if you use it for running CPU and/or memory intensive processes! As would be the case with any Windows application... :-)
+==== Disk space ====
+<code>stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx
+-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63M Aug 24 14:52 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx
+stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx
+-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 15:20 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx
+stdu@sadira034:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
+[sudo] password for stdu:
+Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
+Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
+[...]
+upgraded, 32 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
+Need to get 174 MB of archives.
+After this operation, 305 MB of additional disk space will be used.
+Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+[...]
+stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx
+-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63M Aug 24 14:52 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx
+stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx
+-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2.6G Aug 24 15:24 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx
+</code>
+<code>stdu@sadira034:/usr/lib/wsl/drivers$ df -h | grep drivers
+drivers         472G  116G  356G  25% /usr/lib/wsl/drivers
+stdu@sadira034:/usr/lib/wsl/drivers$ du -sh /usr/lib/wsl/drivers
+.1G    /usr/lib/wsl/drivers
+stdu@sadira034:/usr/lib/wsl/drivers$ du -sh /mnt/c/Windows/System32/DriverStore/
+.1G    /mnt/c/Windows/System32/DriverStore/</code>
+FIXME
   * //Enough// space on ''C:\''. Microsoft instructions say //The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive)//
     * Exporting a //simple// Ubuntu configuration (after doing everything from //Base installation// to //Advanced configuration// below) with the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|wsl --export]] command generated a 2.7 Gb tar file (uncompressed), so it's probably good to **start with at least 3 Gb of free space on ''C:\''** (and you always need to keep enough free space on ''C:\'' for regular Windows operation)
@@ Line 38: / Line 96: @@
 ===== Base installation =====
-  * [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Create a system restore point]] ([[https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Créer un point de restauration système]]), and give it a meaningful name (e.g. //Before installing WSL//), in the unlikely case you have to restore it later
+  * [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Create a system restore point]] ([[https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Créer un point de restauration système]]), and give it a meaningful name (e.g. //Before installing WSL//), in the very unlikely case you have to restore it later (i.e. go back to a state where //WSL// was not activated)
-  * Follow **closely** the steps listed in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]]. <wrap hi>Open this [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]] in another window, so that you can **read the useful hints below at the same time!**</wrap>
+  * The steps below (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install|Install Linux on Windows with WSL]]) will work if you have //Windows 10 version 2004 and higher (Build 19041 and higher) or Windows 11//
-    * When you have to //Open PowerShell as Administrator//, go to ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-clik on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator//
+    * If you have an older Windows version (at least //Version 1903, Build 18362//), follow the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual|Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL]]
-    * FIXME At this stage, we could try to restore/clone a previously installed/customized/backed-up version of Ubuntu if we have one (see [[other:win10wsl#restoring_a_wsl_backup|Restoring a WSL backup]])
-    * In the //Install your Linux Distribution of Choice//, we will use the very easy //install from the Microsoft Store// option
+  * Open a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode
-      * Open the **Microsoft Store** with: ''Start''=>''Microsoft Store''
+    * ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-click on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator//
-      * In the **Microsoft Store**, just search //Linux// and select the //generic// **Ubuntu** (select the //Ubuntu// that has **no version number after the name**)
+    * Use a [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]], if you have already installed it. Use ''CTRL''+<left click> on ''Windows Powershell'' in the pull-down menu to get a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode
-      * Select ''Get'' (''Télécharger'') to download the installer package. You can ignore (''No thanks'') the popups asking you to use a Microsoft account, if you are not using a Microsoft account yet on this machine
-      * Select ''Launch'' (''Lancer'') to start the installation, and give a user name (e.g. your LSCE login) and password (something that you can remember, but maybe not the same password as your LSCE account)
+  * Determine which Linux distributions are (directly) available for installation.\\ We will use the default ''Ubuntu'' distribution
-      * Type some basic Linux commands to check that things are working, e.g. check the available disks\\ <code>$ df -h
+    * ''Ubuntu'' will always automatically upgrade to the latest ''LTS'' release available (contrary to ''Ubuntu-<even_number>.04'' that will stick to the specified ''<even-number>'' release)
+    * We could specify a specific Linux version (or even [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro|import any Linux distribution]], or [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/build-custom-distro|create a custom Linux distribution]]!)
+    * <code>PS C:\> wsl --list --online
+  NAME            FRIENDLY NAME
+* Ubuntu          Ubuntu
+  Debian          Debian GNU/Linux
+  kali-linux      Kali Linux Rolling
+  openSUSE-42     openSUSE Leap 42
+  SLES-12         SUSE Linux Enterprise Server v12
+  Ubuntu-16.04    Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
+  Ubuntu-18.04    Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
+  Ubuntu-20.04    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS</code>
+  * Install the latest //Ubuntu LTS// version available\\ This step will run pretty quickly\\ <code>PS C:\> wsl --install -d Ubuntu
+Installation en cours : Plateforme de machine virtuelle
+Plateforme de machine virtuelle a été installé.
+Installation en cours : Sous-système Windows pour Linux
+Sous-système Windows pour Linux a été installé.
+Téléchargement en cours : Noyau WSL
+Installation en cours : Noyau WSL
+Noyau WSL a été installé.
+Téléchargement en cours : Ubuntu
+L’opération demandée est réussie. Les modifications ne seront pas effectives avant que le système ne soit réamorcé.</code>
+  * Reboot the computer and be patient
+    * This step will take some time (make sure you have 15-30 mn available). Windows will install and configure what it needs for running //WSL+Ubuntu//, reboot, and install some more //stuff//
+    * The final installation step will take place when you open your Windows session. A terminal opens, displaying the final installation of Ubuntu, and asking you for a username and password, and giving you access to a ''bash'' prompt
+    * <code>Installing, this may take a few minutes...
+Please create a default UNIX user account. The username does not need to match your Windows username.
+For more information visit: https://aka.ms/wslusers
+Enter new UNIX username: stdu
+New password:
+Retype new password:
+passwd: password updated successfully
+Installation successful!
+To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
+See "man sudo_root" for details.
+Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 x86_64)
+ * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
+ * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
+ * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
+  System information as of Tue Aug 23 17:32:20 CEST 2022
+  System load:  0.0                Processes:             8
+  Usage of /:   0.4% of 250.98GB   Users logged in:       0
+  Memory usage: 0%                 IPv4 address for eth0: 172.20.23.145
+  Swap usage:   0%
+stdu@sadira034:~$ echo $SHELL
+/bin/bash</code>
+  * Get some basic information about your new ''Ubuntu'' installation
+    * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a
+No LSB modules are available.
+Distributor ID: Ubuntu
+Description:    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
+Release:        20.04
+Codename:       focal
+stdu@sadira034:~$ uname -a
+Linux sadira034 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 22:23:49 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
+stdu@sadira034:~$ cat /proc/version
+Linux version 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 (oe-user@oe-host) (x86_64-msft-linux-gcc (GCC) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.34.0.20200220) #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 22:23:49 UTC 2021
+stdu@sadira034:~$ df -h
 Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-rootfs          238G   58G  181G  25% /
+/dev/sdb        251G  1.1G  238G   1% /
-none            238G   58G  181G  25% /dev
+tmpfs           6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /mnt/wsl
-none            238G   58G  181G  25% /run
+tools           472G  112G  361G  24% /init
-none            238G   58G  181G  25% /run/lock
+none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /dev
-none            238G   58G  181G  25% /run/shm
+none            6.2G  4.0K  6.2G   1% /run
-none            238G   58G  181G  25% /run/user
+none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/lock
-cgroup          238G   58G  181G  25% /sys/fs/cgroup
+none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/shm
-C:\             238G   58G  181G  25% /mnt/c
+none            6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /run/user
-D:\             932G  8.1G  924G   1% /mnt/d</code>
+tmpfs           6.2G     0  6.2G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
-      * Update your Ubuntu Linux with:
+drivers         472G  112G  361G  24% /usr/lib/wsl/drivers
-        * ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade''
+lib             472G  112G  361G  24% /usr/lib/wsl/lib
-        * Use the Left arrow to select ''<Yes>''+''Enter'' when some services have to be restarted
+C:\             472G  112G  361G  24% /mnt/c
-        * [[other:win10wsl#updating_wsl_and_ubuntu|More details about updating WSL and/or Ubuntu]] (you can safely skip this for now)
+D:\             480G  2.6G  478G   1% /mnt/d</code>
+  * Get some disk usage information about your ''WSL'' installation
+    * From Windows, the installed files are located in\\ ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc''
+    * From (inside) WSL, the installed files are in\\ ''/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/''
+    * <code>stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ find /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/ -type f -print
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/Settings/roaming.lock
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/Settings/settings.dat
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/User.dat
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/User.dat.LOG1
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/User.dat.LOG2
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/UserClasses.dat
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/UserClasses.dat.LOG1
+/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/UserClasses.dat.LOG2
+stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx
+-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 11:37 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx</code>
+    * Note: location of the //vhdx swap file//:
+      * From windows: ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Temp\swap.vhdx''
+      * From WSL:\\ <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx
+-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63M Aug 24 14:52 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx</code>
+  * Update //Ubuntu// with: ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade''
+    * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a
+No LSB modules are available.
+Distributor ID: Ubuntu
+Description:    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
+Release:        20.04
+Codename:       focal
+stdu@sadira034:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
+[sudo] password for stdu:
+Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
+Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
+[...]
+upgraded, 32 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
+Need to get 174 MB of archives.
+After this operation, 305 MB of additional disk space will be used.
+Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
+[...]
+stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a
+No LSB modules are available.
+Distributor ID: Ubuntu
+Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
+Release:        20.04
+Codename:       focal</code>
+    * [[other:win10wsl#updating_wsl_and_ubuntu|More details about updating WSL and/or Ubuntu]] (you can safely skip this for now)
+  * Update the //Linux kernel// used by WSL, after stopping the running WSL instances
+    * <code>PS C:\> wsl --status
+Distribution par défaut : Ubuntu
+Version par défaut : 2
+La dernière mise à jour effectuée du Sous-système Windows pour Linux date du 23/08/2022
+Les mises à jour WSL automatiques sont activées.
+Version du noyau : 5.10.16
+PS C:\> wsl -l -v
+  NAME      STATE           VERSION
+* Ubuntu    Running         2
+PS C:\> wsl --terminate Ubuntu
+PS C:\> wsl -l -v
+  NAME      STATE           VERSION
+* Ubuntu    Stopped         2
+PS C:\> wsl --update
+Recherche de mises à jour en cours... Veuillez patienter
+Téléchargement de mises à jour en cours... Veuillez patienter.
+Installation en cours des mises à jour... Veuillez patienter
+Cette modification sera effective au prochain redémarrage complet de WSL. Pour forcer un redémarrage, exécutez « wsl --shutdown ».
+Version du noyau : 5.10.102.1
+PS C:\> wsl --status
+[...]
+Version du noyau : 5.10.102.1
+PS C:\> wsl cat /proc/version
+Linux version 5.10.102.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 (oe-user@oe-host) (x86_64-msft-linux-gcc (GCC) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.34.0.20200220) #1 SMP Wed Mar 2 00:30:59 UTC 2022</code>
 ===== After the base installation =====

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