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===== What is WSL ? ===== | ===== What is WSL ? ===== |
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//Windows Subsystem for Linux// (**WSL**) lets you **run a Linux distribution on your Windows computer**, without the overhead of a traditional virtual machine (VM) or dual-boot setup | //Windows Subsystem for Linux// (**WSL**) lets you **run a Linux distribution on your Windows computer**, without the overhead of a traditional Virtual Machine (VM) or dual-boot setup |
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More reading: | More reading: |
* [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about|What is the Windows Subsystem for Linux?]] | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about|What is the Windows Subsystem for Linux? (and WSL 2)]] |
* [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about#what-is-wsl-2|What is WSL 2?]] | |
* [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WSL#What_is_WSL.3F|What is WSL?]] on the Ubuntu wiki site | * [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WSL#What_is_WSL.3F|What is WSL?]] on the Ubuntu wiki site |
===== Prerequisites ===== | ===== Prerequisites ===== |
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* A computer running at least //Windows 10 Anniversary Update//, that is with a version number of ''1607'' (July 2016) or higher | ==== Windows version ==== |
* [[other:win10maintain#checking_the_installed_version|Check the installed version on your computer]] | |
* [[other:win10misc#windows_10_versions|Check the available versions]] | * A computer running [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]] |
* [[other:win10maintain#updating_windows_10|See if you can update your Windows]] if your installed version is not the most receent available version | * [[other:win10maintain#checking_the_installed_version|Check the installed version on your computer]]\\ If you don't have the Windows version required for running WSL, you can: |
* Note: there is sometimes a delay between the official release and the time when Windows Update will actually tell you that a major update is available for **your** computer (e.g. the //September YY09// update may become available for you only in December) | * [[other:win10misc#windows_10_versions|Check the available Windows versions]] |
| * [[other:win10maintain#updating_windows_10|Check if you can update Windows]] |
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| ==== Computer memory ==== |
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| FIXME |
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| ==== Disk space ==== |
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| FIXME |
* //Enough// space on ''C:\''. Microsoft instructions say //The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive)// | * //Enough// space on ''C:\''. Microsoft instructions say //The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive)// |
* Exporting a //simple// Ubuntu configuration (after doing everything from //Base installation// to //Advanced configuration// below) with the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|wsl --export]] command generated a 2.7 Gb tar file (uncompressed), so it's probably good to **start with at least 3 Gb of free space on ''C:\''** (and you always need to keep enough free space on ''C:\'' for regular Windows operation) | * Exporting a //simple// Ubuntu configuration (after doing everything from //Base installation// to //Advanced configuration// below) with the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|wsl --export]] command generated a 2.7 Gb tar file (uncompressed), so it's probably good to **start with at least 3 Gb of free space on ''C:\''** (and you always need to keep enough free space on ''C:\'' for regular Windows operation) |
===== Base installation ===== | ===== Base installation ===== |
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* [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Create a system restore point]] ([[https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Créer un point de restauration système]]), and give it a meaningful name (e.g. //Before installing WSL//), in the unlikely case you have to restore it later | * [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Create a system restore point]] ([[https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Créer un point de restauration système]]), and give it a meaningful name (e.g. //Before installing WSL//), in the unlikely case you have to restore it later (i.e. go back to a state where //WSL// was not activated) |
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* Follow **closely** the steps listed in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]]. <wrap hi>Open this [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]] in another window, so that you can **read the useful hints below at the same time!**</wrap> | * The steps below (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install|Install Linux on Windows with WSL]]) will work if you have //Windows 10 version 2004 and higher (Build 19041 and higher) or Windows 11// |
* When you have to //Open PowerShell as Administrator//, go to ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-clik on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// | * If you have an older Windows version, follow the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual|Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL]] |
* FIXME At this stage, we could try to restore/clone a previously installed/customized/backed-up version of Ubuntu if we have one (see [[other:win10wsl#restoring_a_wsl_backup|Restoring a WSL backup]]) | |
* In the //Install your Linux Distribution of Choice//, we will use the very easy //install from the Microsoft Store// option | * Open an ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode |
* Open the **Microsoft Store** with: ''Start''=>''Microsoft Store'' | * ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-clik on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// |
* In the **Microsoft Store**, just search //Linux// and select the //generic// **Ubuntu** (select the //Ubuntu// that has **no version number after the name**) | * Use a [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]], if you have already installed it and use ''CTRL''+<left click> on ''Windows Powershell'' in the pull-down menu to get a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode |
* Select ''Get'' (''Télécharger'') to download the installer package. You can ignore (''No thanks'') the popups asking you to use a Microsoft account, if you are not using a Microsoft account yet on this machine | |
* Select ''Launch'' (''Lancer'') to start the installation, and give a user name (e.g. your LSCE login) and password (something that you can remember, but maybe not the same password as your LSCE account) | * Determine which Linux distributions are available for installation.\\ We will use the default ''Ubuntu'' distribution |
* Type some basic Linux commands to check that things are working, e.g. check the available disks\\ <code>$ df -h | * ''Ubuntu'' will always automatically upgrade to the latest ''LTS'' version available (contrary to ''Ubuntu-<even_number>.04'' that will stick to the ''<even-number>'' release |
| * We could use a specific Linux version (or even [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro|import any Linux distribution]]!) |
| * <code>PS C:\> wsl --list --online |
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| NAME FRIENDLY NAME |
| * Ubuntu Ubuntu |
| Debian Debian GNU/Linux |
| kali-linux Kali Linux Rolling |
| openSUSE-42 openSUSE Leap 42 |
| SLES-12 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server v12 |
| Ubuntu-16.04 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS |
| Ubuntu-18.04 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS |
| Ubuntu-20.04 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS</code> |
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| * Install the latest //Ubuntu LTS// version available\\ This step will run pretty quickly\\ <code>PS C:\> wsl --install -d Ubuntu |
| Installation en cours : Plateforme de machine virtuelle |
| Plateforme de machine virtuelle a été installé. |
| Installation en cours : Sous-système Windows pour Linux |
| Sous-système Windows pour Linux a été installé. |
| Téléchargement en cours : Noyau WSL |
| Installation en cours : Noyau WSL |
| Noyau WSL a été installé. |
| Téléchargement en cours : Ubuntu |
| L’opération demandée est réussie. Les modifications ne seront pas effectives avant que le système ne soit réamorcé.</code> |
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| * Reboot the computer and be patient |
| * This step will take some time (make sure you have 15-30 mn available). Windows will install what it needs, reboot, install some more stuff |
| * The final installation step will take place when you open your Windows session. A terminal opens, displaying the final installation of Ubuntu, and asking you for a username and password, and giving you access to a ''bash'' prompt |
| * <code>Installing, this may take a few minutes... |
| Please create a default UNIX user account. The username does not need to match your Windows username. |
| For more information visit: https://aka.ms/wslusers |
| Enter new UNIX username: stdu |
| New password: |
| Retype new password: |
| passwd: password updated successfully |
| Installation successful! |
| To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>". |
| See "man sudo_root" for details. |
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| Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 x86_64) |
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| * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com |
| * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com |
| * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage |
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| System information as of Tue Aug 23 17:32:20 CEST 2022 |
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| System load: 0.0 Processes: 8 |
| Usage of /: 0.4% of 250.98GB Users logged in: 0 |
| Memory usage: 0% IPv4 address for eth0: 172.20.23.145 |
| Swap usage: 0% |
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| stdu@sadira034:~$ echo $SHELL |
| /bin/bash</code> |
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| * Get some basic information about your ''Ubuntu'' installation |
| * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a |
| No LSB modules are available. |
| Distributor ID: Ubuntu |
| Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS |
| Release: 20.04 |
| Codename: focal |
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| stdu@sadira034:~$ uname -a |
| Linux sadira034 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 22:23:49 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux |
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| stdu@sadira034:~$ cat /proc/version |
| Linux version 5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2 (oe-user@oe-host) (x86_64-msft-linux-gcc (GCC) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.34.0.20200220) #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 22:23:49 UTC 2021 |
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| stdu@sadira034:~$ df -h |
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on |
rootfs 238G 58G 181G 25% / | /dev/sdb 251G 1.1G 238G 1% / |
none 238G 58G 181G 25% /dev | tmpfs 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /mnt/wsl |
none 238G 58G 181G 25% /run | tools 472G 112G 361G 24% /init |
none 238G 58G 181G 25% /run/lock | none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /dev |
none 238G 58G 181G 25% /run/shm | none 6.2G 4.0K 6.2G 1% /run |
none 238G 58G 181G 25% /run/user | none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /run/lock |
cgroup 238G 58G 181G 25% /sys/fs/cgroup | none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /run/shm |
C:\ 238G 58G 181G 25% /mnt/c | none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /run/user |
D:\ 932G 8.1G 924G 1% /mnt/d</code> | tmpfs 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup |
* Update your Ubuntu Linux with: | drivers 472G 112G 361G 24% /usr/lib/wsl/drivers |
| lib 472G 112G 361G 24% /usr/lib/wsl/lib |
| C:\ 472G 112G 361G 24% /mnt/c |
| D:\ 480G 2.6G 478G 1% /mnt/d</code> |
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| * Get some basic information about your WSL installation |
| * From Windows, the installation is in\\ ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc'' |
| * From WSL, the installation is in\\ ''/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/'' |
| * <code>stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ find /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/ -type f -print |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/Settings/roaming.lock |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/Settings/settings.dat |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/User.dat |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/User.dat.LOG1 |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/User.dat.LOG2 |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/UserClasses.dat |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/UserClasses.dat.LOG1 |
| /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/SystemAppData/Helium/UserClasses.dat.LOG2 |
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| stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx |
| -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 11:37 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx</code> |
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| * Update your Ubuntu Linux with: |
* ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'' | * ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'' |
* Use the Left arrow to select ''<Yes>''+''Enter'' when some services have to be restarted | * Use the Left arrow to select ''<Yes>''+''Enter'' when some services have to be restarted |