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other:win10wsl [2022/08/24 11:50] – [Base installation] Cleaned and improved jypeter | other:win10wsl [2022/08/31 11:12] – WSL 1 vs 2, and note about which terminals to use jypeter |
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[[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]] | [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]] |
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<note warning> | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
* What is described on this page was tested with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#whats-new-in-wsl-2|WSL 2]].\\ **WSL 2** is available in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]] | * What is described on this page was tested with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#whats-new-in-wsl-2|WSL 2]].\\ **WSL 2** is available in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]] |
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* You can also check JYP's [[other:win10_wsl_1|original WSL 1 instructions]] | * You can also check JYP's [[other:win10_wsl_1|original WSL 1 instructions]] |
| * ...but even **if you need WSL 1, you should use this page for installing WSL, and then switch to WSL 1** with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#set-default-wsl-version|--set-default-version]] or [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#set-wsl-version-to-1-or-2|--set-version]] |
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* The user can choose to install Linux using **WSL 1 or WSL 2** | * The user can choose to install Linux using **WSL 1 or WSL 2** |
* **WSL 2 should be your default choice** | * **WSL 2 should be your default choice** |
* If you have doubts, check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] and read [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#exceptions-for-using-wsl-1-rather-than-wsl-2|Exceptions for using WSL 1 rather than WSL 2]] before choosing | * If you have doubts, check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] and read [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#exceptions-for-using-wsl-1-rather-than-wsl-2|Exceptions for using WSL 1 rather than WSL 2]] before choosing |
</note> | </WRAP> |
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| <WRAP center round tip 60%> |
| The commands on this page have to be typed: |
| * either in **Windows PowerShell terminals** |
| * or in **bash terminals running in WSL** |
| It should be clear enough which type of terminal you have to use |
| </WRAP> |
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==== Computer memory ==== | ==== The basics before starting ==== |
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FIXME | Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also: |
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| * Your should really **install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]]**, because it will be one of useful the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed |
| * **Know how to use copy-paste** in: |
| * a //Windows Terminal//: [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/selection|Selecting text in Windows Terminal]] |
| * an old ''cmd'' command prompt or a //PowerShell//: FIXME |
| * It will be useful to **be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files]]** |
| * **Have some basic knowledge of Linux**... |
| * Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required |
| ==== Computer CPU and memory ==== |
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==== Disk space ==== | Contrary to other virtual machines, WSL is well integrated with the Windows operating system and the hardware drivers and has a **low default CPU and memory footprint**! |
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FIXME | * You should be able to //play// with WSL even with 8 Gb of RAM, but 16 Gb is recommended |
| * Of course, depending on what you need to do on your computer, a better processor will always help |
| * WSL+Ubuntu will use more CPU and RAM if you use it for running CPU and/or memory intensive processes! As would be the case with any Windows application... :-) |
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| ==== Disk usage ==== |
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| === Overview === |
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| * ''WSL'' is part of the Windows operating system and will be installed (and updated) on ''C:\'' |
| * The Linux installation(s) will be installed (and updated) on ''C:\'' |
| * They can only be relocated to other partitions afterwards |
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| * => We should **start with at least 10 Gb of free space on ''C:\''** (but more space is always better and safer) |
| * The initial installation will not use much space (2-3 Gb), but we always need space on ''C:\'' for other applications and Windows maintenance (temporary files, updates, ...) |
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| <WRAP center round alert 60%> |
| FIXME The rather technical //Disk usage// sections below should be moved somewhere else! |
| </WRAP> |
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| === How does it work? === |
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| WSL+Linux seems to use a combination of actual Windows files/folders and ''ext4'' Linux partitions stored in ''.vhdx'' ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-vhdx/83f6b700-6216-40f0-aa99-9fcb421206e2|Dynamic Virtual Hard Disk]]) files. The Linux disk (of type ''ext4'') is stored in a single ''some_name.vhdx'' Windows file that will automatically grow until it reaches a predefined maximum size of 256 Gb (if there is enough space on the Windows disk...) |
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| * Check [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/vhd-size|Expand the size of your WSL 2 Virtual Hard Disk]] if you need more than 256 Gb |
| * Check the following threads if you want to reduce the size of the ''vhdx'' file: |
| * [[https://superuser.com/questions/1606213/how-do-i-get-back-unused-disk-space-from-ubuntu-on-wsl2|How do I get back unused disk space from ubuntu on wsl2?]] |
| * [[https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4699#issuecomment-1136319012|WSL 2 should automatically release disk space back to the host OS]] |
| * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/hyper-v/optimize-vhd?view=windowsserver2019-ps|Optimize-VHD]] |
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| === Disks seen from Linux === |
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| The disks and partitions usage, as seen from Linux, can be displayed with ''df -h'' |
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| <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ df -h |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on |
| /dev/sdb 251G 1.5G 237G 1% / |
| tmpfs 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /mnt/wsl |
| tools 472G 118G 355G 25% /init |
| none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /dev |
| none 6.2G 8.0K 6.2G 1% /run |
| none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /run/lock |
| none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /run/shm |
| none 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /run/user |
| tmpfs 6.2G 0 6.2G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup |
| drivers 472G 118G 355G 25% /usr/lib/wsl/drivers |
| lib 472G 118G 355G 25% /usr/lib/wsl/lib |
| C:\ 472G 118G 355G 25% /mnt/c |
| D:\ 480G 2.6G 478G 1% /mnt/d</code> |
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| * The ''251G'' //Size// of ''/'' depends on the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/vhd-size|256G default size]] of the growing virtual disk where Linux is installed |
| * The ''/mnt/c'' and ''/mnt/d'' are the way to access the Windows ''C:'' and ''D:'' disks from Linux, and their //Size// is the actual size of the Windows disks |
| * Some //Filesystems// like ''drivers'' are actually Windows file systems! |
| * <code>stdu@sadira034:/usr/lib/wsl/drivers$ du -sh /usr/lib/wsl/drivers |
| 9.1G /usr/lib/wsl/drivers |
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| stdu@sadira034:/usr/lib/wsl/drivers$ du -sh /mnt/c/Windows/System32/DriverStore/ |
| 9.1G /mnt/c/Windows/System32/DriverStore/</code> |
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| === Some important disk locations === |
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| * Accessing **Windows files from Linux**: ''/mnt/''\\ e.g ''C:\'' is available in ''/mnt/c'' |
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| * Accessing **Linux files from the Windows Explorer**: ''\\wsl$'' |
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| * WSL+Ubuntu installation: |
| * Main directory: ''C:\Users\your_login\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc'' |
| * //vhdx// file: ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\ext4.vhdx'' |
| * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx |
| -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 15:20 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx</code> |
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| * Linux //swap// (virtual memory) file: |
| * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx |
| -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63M Aug 24 14:52 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx</code> |
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| === Sample disk usage === |
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| * Disk size after the initial installation of //Ubuntu 20.04 LTS//\\ ''-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 15:20 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx'' |
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| * Disk size after upgrading to //Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS// with ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade''\\ ''-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2.6G Aug 24 15:24 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx'' |
| * Size of the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|backup tar file]] of this installation, generated with ''%%wsl --export%%'': ~1.4 Gb |
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| ==== Hyper-V requirements ==== |
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| <WRAP center round tip 60%> |
| You can skip reading this WSL //requirement// if you are installing WSL for the first time, and are therefor directly installing WSL 2 |
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| Come back later if you have problems |
| </WRAP> |
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| WSL 2 needs the //Virtual Machine Platform// to be enabled on your computer. If you have never used WSL before, you can probably go directly to the [[other:win10wsl#base_installation|Base installation]] section and ''wsl'' should install everything correctly |
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| If you have problems (e.g. [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/troubleshooting#error-0x80370102-the-virtual-machine-could-not-be-started-because-a-required-feature-is-not-installed|The virtual machine could not be started because a required feature is not installed]]), or if you are updating WSL 1 to WSL 2, type ''systeminfo'' in a PowerShell to check if your machine meets the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/hyper-v-requirements?source=recommendations#verify-hardware-compatibility|Hyper-V requirements]] |
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| If you get a ''No'' for one of the ''Hyper-V requirements'', check the //virtualization// settings in your [[other:bios#entering_the_bios|computer BIOS]].\\ You can have a look at the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization|x86 virtualization]] wikipedia page if you are wondering what ''VT-x'' and ''VT-d'' means for //Intel// processors (''AMD-v'' and ''AMD IOMMU'' for //AMD//) |
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* //Enough// space on ''C:\''. Microsoft instructions say //The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive)// | Example: HP laptop with an **Intel** CPU, and **virtualization not activated in the BIOS** |
* Exporting a //simple// Ubuntu configuration (after doing everything from //Base installation// to //Advanced configuration// below) with the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|wsl --export]] command generated a 2.7 Gb tar file (uncompressed), so it's probably good to **start with at least 3 Gb of free space on ''C:\''** (and you always need to keep enough free space on ''C:\'' for regular Windows operation) | * //Hyper-V// section of the ''systeminfo'' output |
* The Linux ''/'' and ''/home'' partitions will always be on ''C:'', but the data files can be on any Windows disk/partition (or external drive) of the computer | * <code>Configuration requise pour Hyper-V: Extensions de mode du moniteur d’ordinateur virtuel : Oui |
* the Windows partitions will be available and accessible in ''/mnt/'', so you can store data on other partitions (e.g. the content of the Windows ''D:\'' partition will be available in ''/mnt/d'' in Linux) | Virtualisation activée dans le microprogramme : Non |
* The files will be installed in **hidden partitions of the current user's directory on ''C:\''**: e.g. ''C:\Users\<your_login>''. Other users of the same Windows 10 computer would have to install Ubuntu again, in their own user directory | Traduction d’adresse de second niveau : Oui |
* Checking the properties of ''C:\Users\<your_login>'' will **not** report an accurate size and number of files, because lots of files and directories are hidden! On the test laptop, the reported size of the user backed up directory (with [[other:win10apps#syncbackfree|SyncBackFree]]) was ~20 Gb (user data, WSL+Ubuntu, custom install of the CDAT 8.1 python distribution) | Prévention de l’exécution des données disponible : Oui</code> |
* Be sure to monitor the remaining free space on ''C:''! | * //Virtualization// section of the [[other:bios#entering_the_bios|HP BIOS]]: you need to **enable ''Virtualization Technology (VTx)'' and ''Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VTd)''** in the BIOS, save the settings and finish booting |
* Note: it seems that [[other:win10wsl#restoring_a_wsl_backup|wsl --import]] can restore a backed-up Linux to a user specified location. Maybe this can be used for moving Ubuntu... | * {{ :other:hp_bios_vtx_vtd.png?direct&600 |}} |
* Check [[https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/WSL/issues/412|how to move the vhdx of wsl2 to other disk]] and [[https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4320|[WSL 2] move VHD File]] for relocating a WSL (1 or 2) installation if you don't have enough space on ''C:'' | * //Hyper-V// section of the ''systeminfo'' output with **virtualization activated in the BIOS** (after activation and reboot) |
| * <code> Virtualisation activée dans le microprogramme : Oui</code> |
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===== Base installation ===== | ===== Base installation ===== |
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* [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Create a system restore point]] ([[https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Créer un point de restauration système]]), and give it a meaningful name (e.g. //Before installing WSL//), in the unlikely case you have to restore it later (i.e. go back to a state where //WSL// was not activated) | * [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Create a system restore point]] ([[https://support.microsoft.com/fr-fr/help/4027538/windows-create-a-system-restore-point|Créer un point de restauration système]]), and give it a meaningful name (e.g. //Before installing WSL//), in the very unlikely case you have to restore it later (i.e. go back to a state where //WSL// was not activated) |
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* The steps below (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install|Install Linux on Windows with WSL]]) will work if you have //Windows 10 version 2004 and higher (Build 19041 and higher) or Windows 11// | * The steps below (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install|Install Linux on Windows with WSL]]) will work if you have //Windows 10 version 2004 and higher (Build 19041 and higher) or Windows 11// |
* If you have an older Windows version, follow the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual|Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL]] | * If you have an older Windows version (at least //Version 1903, Build 18362//), follow the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual|Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL]] |
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* Open an ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode | * Open a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode |
* ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-clik on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// | * ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-click on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// |
* Use a [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]], if you have already installed it and use ''CTRL''+<left click> on ''Windows Powershell'' in the pull-down menu to get a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode | * Use a [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]], if you have already installed it. Use ''CTRL''+<left click> on ''Windows Powershell'' in the pull-down menu to get a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode |
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* Determine which Linux distributions are available for installation.\\ We will use the default ''Ubuntu'' distribution | * Determine which Linux distributions are (directly) available for installation.\\ We will use the default ''Ubuntu'' distribution |
* ''Ubuntu'' will always automatically upgrade to the latest ''LTS'' version available (contrary to ''Ubuntu-<even_number>.04'' that will stick to the ''<even-number>'' release | * ''Ubuntu'' will always automatically upgrade to the latest ''LTS'' release available (contrary to ''Ubuntu-<even_number>.04'' that will stick to the specified ''<even-number>'' release) |
* We could use a specific Linux version (or even [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro|import any Linux distribution]]!) | * We could specify a specific Linux version (or even [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro|import any Linux distribution]], or [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/build-custom-distro|create a custom Linux distribution]]!) |
* <code>PS C:\> wsl --list --online | * <code>PS C:\> wsl --list --online |
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* Reboot the computer and be patient | * Reboot the computer and be patient |
* This step will take some time (make sure you have 15-30 mn available). Windows will install what it needs, reboot, install some more stuff | * This step will take some time (make sure you have 15-30 mn available). Windows will install and configure what it needs for running //WSL+Ubuntu//, reboot, and install some more //stuff// |
* The final installation step will take place when you open your Windows session. A terminal opens, displaying the final installation of Ubuntu, and asking you for a username and password, and giving you access to a ''bash'' prompt | * The final installation step will take place when you open your Windows session. A terminal opens, displaying the final installation of Ubuntu, and asking you for a username and password, and giving you access to a ''bash'' prompt |
* <code>Installing, this may take a few minutes... | * <code>Installing, this may take a few minutes... |
/bin/bash</code> | /bin/bash</code> |
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* Get some basic information about your ''Ubuntu'' installation | * Get some basic information about your new ''Ubuntu'' installation |
* <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a | * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a |
No LSB modules are available. | No LSB modules are available. |
D:\ 480G 2.6G 478G 1% /mnt/d</code> | D:\ 480G 2.6G 478G 1% /mnt/d</code> |
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* Get some basic information about your WSL installation | * Get some disk usage information about your ''WSL'' installation |
* From Windows, the installation is in\\ ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc'' | * From Windows, the installed files are located in\\ ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc'' |
* From WSL, the installation is in\\ ''/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/'' | * From (inside) WSL, the installed files are in\\ ''/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/'' |
* <code>stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ find /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/ -type f -print | * <code>stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ find /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/ -type f -print |
/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx | /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx |
stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx | stdu@sadira034:/mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx |
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 11:37 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx</code> | -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.2G Aug 24 11:37 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx</code> |
| * Note: location of the //vhdx swap file//: |
| * From windows: ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Local\Temp\swap.vhdx'' |
| * From WSL:\\ <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx |
| -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63M Aug 24 14:52 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Temp/swap.vhdx</code> |
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* Update your Ubuntu Linux with: | * Update //Ubuntu// with: ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'' |
* ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'' | * <code>stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a |
* Use the Left arrow to select ''<Yes>''+''Enter'' when some services have to be restarted | No LSB modules are available. |
* [[other:win10wsl#updating_wsl_and_ubuntu|More details about updating WSL and/or Ubuntu]] (you can safely skip this for now) | Distributor ID: Ubuntu |
| Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS |
| Release: 20.04 |
| Codename: focal |
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| stdu@sadira034:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade |
| [sudo] password for stdu: |
| Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB] |
| Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB] |
| [...] |
| 278 upgraded, 32 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. |
| Need to get 174 MB of archives. |
| After this operation, 305 MB of additional disk space will be used. |
| Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y |
| [...] |
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| stdu@sadira034:~$ lsb_release -a |
| No LSB modules are available. |
| Distributor ID: Ubuntu |
| Description: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS |
| Release: 20.04 |
| Codename: focal |
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| stdu@sadira034:/usr/lib/wsl/drivers$ cat /etc/*release* |
| DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu |
| DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04 |
| DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal |
| DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS" |
| NAME="Ubuntu" |
| VERSION="20.04.4 LTS (Focal Fossa)" |
| ID=ubuntu |
| ID_LIKE=debian |
| PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS" |
| VERSION_ID="20.04" |
| HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" |
| SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" |
| BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" |
| PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" |
| VERSION_CODENAME=focal |
| UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal</code> |
| * [[other:win10wsl#updating_wsl_and_ubuntu|More details about updating WSL and/or Ubuntu]] (you can safely skip this for now) |
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| * Update the //Linux kernel// used by WSL, after stopping the running WSL instances |
| * <code>PS C:\> wsl --status |
| Distribution par défaut : Ubuntu |
| Version par défaut : 2 |
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| La dernière mise à jour effectuée du Sous-système Windows pour Linux date du 23/08/2022 |
| Les mises à jour WSL automatiques sont activées. |
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| Version du noyau : 5.10.16 |
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| PS C:\> wsl -l -v |
| NAME STATE VERSION |
| * Ubuntu Running 2 |
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| PS C:\> wsl --terminate Ubuntu |
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| PS C:\> wsl -l -v |
| NAME STATE VERSION |
| * Ubuntu Stopped 2 |
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| PS C:\> wsl --update |
| Recherche de mises à jour en cours... Veuillez patienter |
| Téléchargement de mises à jour en cours... Veuillez patienter. |
| Installation en cours des mises à jour... Veuillez patienter |
| Cette modification sera effective au prochain redémarrage complet de WSL. Pour forcer un redémarrage, exécutez « wsl --shutdown ». |
| Version du noyau : 5.10.102.1 |
| |
| PS C:\> wsl --status |
| [...] |
| Version du noyau : 5.10.102.1 |
| |
| PS C:\> wsl cat /proc/version |
| Linux version 5.10.102.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 (oe-user@oe-host) (x86_64-msft-linux-gcc (GCC) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.34.0.20200220) #1 SMP Wed Mar 2 00:30:59 UTC 2022</code> |
===== After the base installation ===== | ===== After the base installation ===== |
| |
Once you have completed the base installation steps, you'll get a Ubuntu machine, with a //root// and user account (pre-configured to use ''sudo'' for commands that need root access) and lots of pre-installed applications (but no graphics). | After completing the base installation steps, you get a //Ubuntu// machine with: |
| * a //root// and //user// account |
| * the //user// account is pre-configured to use ''sudo'' for commands that need root access |
| * pre-installed base Linux applications |
| * **no** graphics |
| * enough to play a bit with a Linux computer and test that the installation is working, but not enough to do some real work |
| |
==== Opening a terminal ==== | ==== Opening a terminal ==== |
==== Ubuntu packages installed ==== | ==== Ubuntu packages installed ==== |
| |
<code>$ dpkg --list | <code>$ dpkg --list | head -n 10 |
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold |
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend | | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) | |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) |
||/ Name Version Architecture Description | ||/ Name Version Architecture Description |
+++-=====================-===============-===============-================================================ | +++-==============================-=================================-============-=============================================================================== |
ii accountsservice 0.6.45-1ubuntu1 amd64 query and manipulate user account information | ii accountsservice 0.6.55-0ubuntu12~20.04.5 amd64 query and manipulate user account information |
ii acl 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 Access control list utilities | ii adduser 3.118ubuntu2 all add and remove users and groups |
ii acpid 1:2.0.28-1ubunt amd64 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event | ii alsa-topology-conf 1.2.2-1 all ALSA topology configuration files |
ii adduser 3.116ubuntu1 all add and remove users and groups | ii alsa-ucm-conf 1.2.2-1ubuntu0.13 all ALSA Use Case Manager configuration files |
| ii apparmor 2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1 amd64 user-space parser utility for AppArmor |
[...] | |
ii xterm 330-1ubuntu2 amd64 X terminal emulator | |
ii xxd 2:8.0.1453-1ubu amd64 tool to make (or reverse) a hex dump | |
ii xz-utils 5.2.2-1.3 amd64 XZ-format compression utilities | |
ii zerofree 1.0.4-1 amd64 zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-s | |
ii zlib1g:amd64 1:1.2.11.dfsg-0 amd64 compression library - runtime | |
| |
| |
$ dpkg --list > /mnt/c/Scratch/jyp/pkg_initial_201601.txt | $ dpkg --list > /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/Ubuntu_Installed_List_`date +"%y-%m-%d"`.txt |
$ wc -l /mnt/c/Scratch/jyp/pkg_initial_201601.txt | $ wc -l /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/Ubuntu_Installed_List_*.txt |
628 /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/pkg_initial_201601.txt</code> | 642 /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/Ubuntu_Installed_List_22-08-29.txt</code> |
| |
Full (example) list of installed packages: {{:other:pkg_initial_201601.txt|pkg_initial_201601.txt}} | Full (example) list of installed packages: {{ :other:ubuntu_installed_list_22-08-29.txt |}} |
| |
==== Update ubuntu ==== | ==== Update ubuntu ==== |
> wsl --list --verbose | > wsl --list --verbose |
NAME STATE VERSION | NAME STATE VERSION |
* Ubuntu Running 1</code> | * Ubuntu Running 2</code> |
* [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]] | * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]] |
* <code>> wsl --list --verbose | * <code>> wsl --list --verbose |
NAME STATE VERSION | NAME STATE VERSION |
* Ubuntu Running 1 | * Ubuntu Running 2 |
| |
> wsl --shutdown | > wsl --shutdown |
| |
> wsl --list --verbose | > wsl -l -v |
NAME STATE VERSION | NAME STATE VERSION |
* Ubuntu Stopped 1</code> | * Ubuntu Stopped 21</code> |
* Export the current Linux to a //tar// file: | * Export the current Linux to a //tar// file: |
| * FIXME ''wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\jypeter\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.4_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar'' |
| * 1.4 Gb |
* <code> > wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\<your_login>_ubuntu-<ubuntu_version>-full_<some_date>.tar</code> | * <code> > wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\<your_login>_ubuntu-<ubuntu_version>-full_<some_date>.tar</code> |
* You can optionally open a new terminal (this will start again WSL+Ubuntu) to get some information about the created file (size and number of saved files/directories), and compress it in order to save some disk space | * You can optionally open a new terminal (this will start again WSL+Ubuntu) to get some information about the created file (size and number of saved files/directories), and compress it in order to save some disk space |
* Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user? | * Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user? |
* if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated | * if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated |
| |
| |
| ===== Advanced usage ===== |
| |
| ==== Creating a backup of a Linux installation ==== |
| |
| |
| ==== Restoring or relocating a Linux installation ==== |
| |
| When we have a backup in a tar file, we can restore it to the default location (Check ?? FIXME), or specify where we want to restore it. This is a way of moving (relocating) an installation to another disk or partition than the default location ''C:\'' |
==== Uninstalling WSL ==== | ==== Uninstalling WSL ==== |
| |
Not too sure about this part... | Before starting, you may want to make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories |
| |
| === Removing a specific Linux installation === |
| |
| This process is called //unregistering// (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#unregister-or-uninstall-a-linux-distribution|Unregister or uninstall a Linux distribution]]) |
| |
| You just need to get the list of the currently installed Linux distributions, stop them and remove/unregister a specific distribution name |
| |
| <code>> wsl -l -v |
| NAME STATE VERSION |
| * Ubuntu Stopped 2 |
| Ubuntu_custom Running 2 |
| |
| > wsl --terminate Ubuntu_custom |
| |
| > wsl -l -v |
| NAME STATE VERSION |
| * Ubuntu Stopped 2 |
| Ubuntu_custom Stopped 2 |
| |
| > wsl --unregister Ubuntu_custom |
| Désinscription... |
| |
| > wsl -l -v |
| NAME STATE VERSION |
| * Ubuntu Stopped 2</code> |
| |
| |
| === Removing WSL === |
| |
| ''wsl'' is a part of the Windows system and probably can't be removed. |
| |
| Anyway, when all existing Linux distributions are uninstalled, there should not be any big ''.vhdx'' files remaining (i.e. //no extra disk space used//), and there will not be any Linux processes running (i.e. //no extra CPU used//). |
| |
* Make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories | |
* Find how to unregister Ubuntu on the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config|Manage and configure Windows Subsystem for Linux]] page | |
* and then disable WSL??? | |
| |
===== Miscellaneous ===== | ===== Miscellaneous ===== |
| |
| ==== Upgrading WSL 1 to WSL 2 ==== |
| |
| <WRAP center round tip 60%> |
| You will be able to run existing WSL 1 installations with WSL 2, so upgrading should not be a problem! |
| </WRAP> |
| |
| |
| === Determining which version of WSL is installed === |
| |
| If you have never used WSL on a computer, WSL 2 will be installed directly when you follow the [[other:win10wsl#base_installation|Base installation]] steps |
| |
| You can determine if your installed Linux distributions are running on WSL 1 or WSL 2 by typing ''wsl -l -v'' in a PowerShell, but if you are not sure if you are currently using WSL 1 or WSL 2 for running Linux, you can check if [[https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/WSL/issues/1599|Is there an easy (PowerShell?) way to get more information about WSL?]] has been answered, or make the following checks |
| |
| * ''wsl --update'' will give the same output (i.e. the installed Linux kernel version) for both WSL 1 and WSL 2 |
| * <code>PS C:\Users\jypeter> wsl --update |
| Recherche de mises à jour en cours... Veuillez patienter |
| Aucune mise à jour n’est disponible. |
| Version du noyau : 5.10.102.1</code> |
| |
| * ''wsl --status'' will display again the kernel version if you already have WSL 2, but **will display a link to the WSL installation page if you are running WSL 1**: https://aka.ms/wsl2-install |
| * <code>PS C:\Users\jypeter> wsl --status |
| Distribution par défaut : Ubuntu |
| Version par défaut : 2 |
| Activez la fonctionnalité Windows de plateforme de machine virtuelle et assurez-vous que la virtualisation est activée dans le BIOS. |
| Pour plus d’informations, rendez-vous sur https://aka.ms/wsl2-install</code> |
| |
| |
| === Prerequisites === |
| |
| * If WSL 1 is already running, you should have no problem with the [[other:win10wsl#prerequisites|disk and memory requirements]] |
| * For WSL 2, you also need to meet the [[other:win10wsl#hyper-v_requirements|Hyper-V requirements]] |
| |
| === Upgrading WSL === |
| |
| |
| [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-3---enable-virtual-machine-feature|Activate the Virtual Machine Platform]] (just the //Step 3// instructions) and **reboot the computer** |
| |
| After rebooting, go back to the [[other:win10wsl#determining_which_version_of_wsl_is_installed|Determining which version of WSL is installed]] section above, and check that you are now using WSL 2 |
| |
| ==== Potentially useful stuff ==== |
| |
* Determining from **inside** the running Linux if you are using WSL (or another type of virtual machine)\\ <code>$ systemd-detect-virt | * Determining from **inside** the running Linux if you are using WSL (or another type of virtual machine)\\ <code>$ systemd-detect-virt |