Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- other:win10wsl [2022/08/29 09:42]
jypeter [Updating WSL 1 to WSL 2] Improved
+++ other:win10wsl [2022/08/31 09:40]
jypeter Started moving 'backup' to the Advanced section
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]]
-<note warning>
+<WRAP center round important 60%>
   * What is described on this page was tested with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#whats-new-in-wsl-2|WSL 2]].\\ **WSL 2** is available in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]]
   * You can also check JYP's [[other:win10_wsl_1|original WSL 1 instructions]]
+    * ...but even **if you need WSL 1, you should use this page for installing WSL, and then switch to WSL 1** with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#set-default-wsl-version|--set-default-version]] or [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#set-wsl-version-to-1-or-2|--set-version]]
   * The user can choose to install Linux using **WSL 1 or WSL 2**
     * **WSL 2 should be your default choice**
     * If you have doubts, check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] and read [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#exceptions-for-using-wsl-1-rather-than-wsl-2|Exceptions for using WSL 1 rather than WSL 2]] before choosing
-</note>
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP center round tip 60%>
+The commands on this page have to be typed:
+  * either in **Windows PowerShell terminals**
+  * or in **bash terminals running in WSL**
+It should be clear enough which type of terminal you have to use
+</WRAP>
@@ Line 35: / Line 45: @@
 Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also:
-  * Install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]], because it will be one of the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed
+  * Your should really **install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]]**, because it will be one of useful the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed
-  * Know how to use copy-paste in a Powershell FIXME
+  * **Know how to use copy-paste** in:
-  * It will be useful to be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files]]
+    * a //Windows Terminal//: [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/selection|Selecting text in Windows Terminal]]
-  * Have at least some basic knowledge of Linux...
+    * an old ''cmd'' command prompt or a //PowerShell//: FIXME
+  * It will be useful to **be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files]]**
+  * **Have some basic knowledge of Linux**...
     * Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required
 ==== Computer CPU and memory ====
@@ Line 127: / Line 139: @@
   * Disk size after upgrading to //Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS// with ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade''\\ ''-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2.6G Aug 24 15:24 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx''
+    * Size of the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|backup tar file]] of this installation, generated with ''%%wsl --export%%'': ~1.4 Gb
 ==== Hyper-V requirements ====
+<WRAP center round tip 60%>
+You can skip reading this WSL //requirement// if you are installing WSL for the first time, and are therefor directly installing WSL 2
+Come back later if you have problems
+</WRAP>
 WSL 2 needs the //Virtual Machine Platform// to be enabled on your computer. If you have never used WSL before, you can probably go directly to the [[other:win10wsl#base_installation|Base installation]] section and ''wsl'' should install everything correctly
-If you have problems, or if you are updating WSL 1 to WSL 2, use ''systeminfo'' to check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/hyper-v-requirements?source=recommendations#verify-hardware-compatibility|Hyper-V requirements]]
+If you have problems (e.g. [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/troubleshooting#error-0x80370102-the-virtual-machine-could-not-be-started-because-a-required-feature-is-not-installed|The virtual machine could not be started because a required feature is not installed]]), or if you are updating WSL 1 to WSL 2, type ''systeminfo'' in a PowerShell to check if your machine meets the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/hyper-v-requirements?source=recommendations#verify-hardware-compatibility|Hyper-V requirements]]
+If you get a ''No'' for one of the ''Hyper-V requirements'', check the //virtualization// settings in your [[other:bios#entering_the_bios|computer BIOS]].\\ You can have a look at the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization|x86 virtualization]] wikipedia page if you are wondering what ''VT-x'' and ''VT-d'' means for //Intel// processors (''AMD-v'' and ''AMD IOMMU'' for //AMD//)
-If you get a ''No'' for one of the ''Hyper-V requirements'', check the //virtualization// settings in your [[other:bios#entering_the_bios|computer BIOS]]
+Example: HP laptop with an **Intel** CPU, and **virtualization not activated in the BIOS**
+  * //Hyper-V// section of the ''systeminfo'' output
+    * <code>Configuration requise pour Hyper-V:         Extensions de mode du moniteur d’ordinateur virtuel : Oui
+                                            Virtualisation activée dans le microprogramme : Non
+                                            Traduction d’adresse de second niveau : Oui
+                                            Prévention de l’exécution des données disponible : Oui</code>
+  * //Virtualization// section of the [[other:bios#entering_the_bios|HP BIOS]]: you need to **enable ''Virtualization Technology (VTx)'' and ''Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VTd)''** in the BIOS, save the settings and finish booting
+    * {{ :other:hp_bios_vtx_vtd.png?direct&600 |}}
+  * //Hyper-V// section of the ''systeminfo'' output with **virtualization activated in the BIOS** (after activation and reboot)
+    * <code>                                            Virtualisation activée dans le microprogramme : Oui</code>
 ===== Base installation =====
@@ Line 334: / Line 365: @@
 ===== After the base installation =====
-Once you have completed the base installation steps, you'll get a Ubuntu machine, with a //root// and user account (pre-configured to use ''sudo'' for commands that need root access) and lots of pre-installed applications (but no graphics).
+After completing the base installation steps, you get a //Ubuntu// machine with:
+  * a //root// and //user// account
+    * the //user// account is pre-configured to use ''sudo'' for commands that need root access
+  * pre-installed base Linux applications
+    * **no** graphics
+    * enough to play a bit with a Linux computer and test that the installation is working, but not enough to do some real work
 ==== Opening a terminal ====
@@ Line 464: / Line 500: @@
 ==== Ubuntu packages installed ====
-<code>$ dpkg --list
+<code>$ dpkg --list | head -n 10
 Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
 | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
 |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
-||/ Name                  Version         Architecture    Description
+||/ Name                           Version                           Architecture Description
-+++-=====================-===============-===============-================================================
++++-==============================-=================================-============-===============================================================================
-ii  accountsservice       0.6.45-1ubuntu1 amd64           query and manipulate user account information
+ii  accountsservice                0.6.55-0ubuntu12~20.04.5          amd64        query and manipulate user account information
-ii  acl                   2.2.52-3build1  amd64           Access control list utilities
+ii  adduser                        3.118ubuntu2                      all          add and remove users and groups
-ii  acpid                 1:2.0.28-1ubunt amd64           Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event
+ii  alsa-topology-conf             1.2.2-1                           all          ALSA topology configuration files
-ii  adduser               3.116ubuntu1    all             add and remove users and groups
+ii  alsa-ucm-conf                  1.2.2-1ubuntu0.13                 all          ALSA Use Case Manager configuration files
+ii  apparmor                       2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1                 amd64        user-space parser utility for AppArmor
-[...]
-ii  xterm                 330-1ubuntu2    amd64           X terminal emulator
-ii  xxd                   2:8.0.1453-1ubu amd64           tool to make (or reverse) a hex dump
-ii  xz-utils              5.2.2-1.3       amd64           XZ-format compression utilities
-ii  zerofree              1.0.4-1         amd64           zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-s
-ii  zlib1g:amd64          1:1.2.11.dfsg-0 amd64           compression library - runtime
-$ dpkg --list > /mnt/c/Scratch/jyp/pkg_initial_201601.txt
+$ dpkg --list > /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/Ubuntu_Installed_List_`date +"%y-%m-%d"`.txt
-$ wc -l /mnt/c/Scratch/jyp/pkg_initial_201601.txt
+$ wc -l /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/Ubuntu_Installed_List_*.txt
- /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/pkg_initial_201601.txt</code>
+ /mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter/Ubuntu_Installed_List_22-08-29.txt</code>
-Full (example) list of installed packages: {{:other:pkg_initial_201601.txt|pkg_initial_201601.txt}}
+Full (example) list of installed packages: {{ :other:ubuntu_installed_list_22-08-29.txt |}}
 ==== Update ubuntu ====
@@ Line 521: / Line 551: @@
 en_US.UTF8
 </code>
 ==== Package management ====
@@ Line 529: / Line 561: @@
   * Install the **synaptic** package manager: ''aptitude install synaptic''
     * [[https://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/synaptic|details]] (fr)
 === Useful commands ===
@@ Line 535: / Line 568: @@
   * ''dpkg -L package_name'': list files installed from ''package_name''
   * ''dpkg -S path/command'': name of the package used to install ''path/command''
 === Example ===
@@ Line 704: / Line 738: @@
  * [[https://linoxide.com/how-to-clear-apt-cache/|How to Clear Apt Cache]]
 ===== Advanced configuration =====
@@ Line 928: / Line 964: @@
   * [[https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/2636|Automount additonal filesystems from fstab]]
   * [[https://gist.github.com/sgtoj/f82990bcd9e89db49b84e2d2e70b281d|Ubuntu for Windows: Mounting C: Drive to WSL's Root]]
 ==== Rebooting WSL ====
@@ Line 968: / Line 1005: @@
   * <wrap hi>Regular Windows folders</wrap> where you store data used by WSL: you can use ''tar'' in a Linux terminal, as above, or use any usual way of backing up Windows files (drag and drop, some specific [[other:win10apps#backup_software|backup software]])
-  * <wrap hi>The **full** Linux/Ubuntu installation</wrap> running in WSL (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#how-can-i-back-up-my-wsl-distros-or-move-them-from-one-drive-to-another|How can I back up my WSL distros?]]). The following steps will save the full installation in a tar file, that can be used later for restoring the full installation (//restoration// not tested yet)
-    * Open a **Windows terminal** (preferably a //PowerShell// if you need easy copy/paste)\\ The //Windows// terminal is where you will type the ''wsl'' commands shown below
-    * Determine the name of the current Linux installation used in WSL (and see if it is running, and using //WSL 1// or //WSL 2//)
-      * <code>> wsl --list --all
-Distributions du sous-système Windows pour Linux :
-Ubuntu (par défaut)
-> wsl --list --verbose
-  NAME      STATE           VERSION
-* Ubuntu    Running         1</code>
-    * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]]
-      * <code>> wsl --list --verbose
-  NAME      STATE           VERSION
-* Ubuntu    Running         1
-> wsl --shutdown
+==== Restoring a WSL backup ====
-> wsl --list --verbose
+FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads
+FIXME Check if [[https://wslhub.com/|WSL Manager]] is maintained and can be useful
+This assumes that you have followed the steps above to create a full backup of your Linux distribution in a ''ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' file. This file can theoretically be restored with:
+  * ''wsl %%--%%import <DistributionName> <InstallLocation> ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar''
+    * Note: found a page mentioning that you should be in a terminal with admin rights when using ''%%--%%import''
+    * Can we use the same ''<DistributionName>'' (e.g. ''Ubuntu'') as the one we are trying to restore without first removing it with ''unregister'' ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#unregister-and-reinstall-a-distribution|Unregister and reinstall a distribution]])?
+    * If we use a new distribution name, it will probably not appear anymore in the Microsoft Store and will not be updated. Is this a problem?
+    * It seems we can use ''<InstallLocation>'' to install anywhere! What should we do if we want to restore to the default location (in the hidden directory)?
+      * Can we install out of the current user's Windows folder?
+      * Can we install out of ''C:\''?
+    * Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user?
+      * if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated
+===== Advanced usage =====
+==== Creating a backup of a Linux installation ====
+You can use ''wsl'' to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#how-can-i-back-up-my-wsl-distributions--or-move-them-from-one-drive-to-another-|save a full Linux installation]] to a //tar// file, that can be:
+  * used later for restoring the full installation
+  * used for relocating the full installation from ''C:\'' to another disk
+  * Determine the name of the current Linux installation used in WSL (and see if it is running, and using //WSL 1// or //WSL 2//)
+    * <code>> wsl --list --verbose
   NAME      STATE           VERSION
-* Ubuntu    Stopped         1</code>
+* Ubuntu    Running         2</code>
-    * Export the current Linux to a //tar// file:
+  * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]]
-      * <code> > wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\<your_login>_ubuntu-<ubuntu_version>-full_<some_date>.tar</code>
+      * <code>> wsl --shutdown
+> wsl -l -v
+  NAME      STATE           VERSION
+* Ubuntu    Stopped         2</code>
+  * Export the specified Linux installation to a //tar// file:
+    * You should export to a directory or external disk where you have //enough// space
+    * You should use a detailed enough file name for the tar file
+    * ''wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.4_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar''
+        * 1.4 Gb
+    * <code> > wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\<your_login>_ubuntu-<ubuntu_version>-full_<some_date>.tar</code>
     * You can optionally open a new terminal (this will start again WSL+Ubuntu) to get some information about the created file (size and number of saved files/directories), and compress it in order to save some disk space
       * <code>$ cd /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>
@@ Line 1010: / Line 1072: @@
 </code>
-==== Restoring a WSL backup ====
+==== Restoring or relocating a Linux installation ====
-FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads
+When we have a backup in a tar file, we can restore it to the default location (Check ?? FIXME), or specify where we want to restore it. This is a way of moving (relocating) an installation to another disk or partition than the default location ''C:\''
+==== Uninstalling WSL ====
-FIXME Check if [[https://wslhub.com/|WSL Manager]] is maintained and can be useful
+Before starting, you may want to make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories
-This assumes that you have followed the steps above to create a full backup of your Linux distribution in a ''ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' file. This file can theoretically be restored with:
+=== Removing a specific Linux installation ===
-  * ''wsl %%--%%import <DistributionName> <InstallLocation> ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar''
-    * Note: found a page mentioning that you should be in a terminal with admin rights when using ''%%--%%import''
+This process is called //unregistering// (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#unregister-or-uninstall-a-linux-distribution|Unregister or uninstall a Linux distribution]])
-    * Can we use the same ''<DistributionName>'' (e.g. ''Ubuntu'') as the one we are trying to restore without first removing it with ''unregister'' ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#unregister-and-reinstall-a-distribution|Unregister and reinstall a distribution]])?
-    * If we use a new distribution name, it will probably not appear anymore in the Microsoft Store and will not be updated. Is this a problem?
+You just need to get the list of the currently installed Linux distributions, stop them and remove/unregister a specific distribution name
-    * It seems we can use ''<InstallLocation>'' to install anywhere! What should we do if we want to restore to the default location (in the hidden directory)?
-      * Can we install out of the current user's Windows folder?
+<code>> wsl -l -v
-      * Can we install out of ''C:\''?
+  NAME             STATE           VERSION
-    * Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user?
+* Ubuntu           Stopped         2
-      * if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated
+  Ubuntu_custom    Running         2
-==== Uninstalling WSL ====
+> wsl --terminate Ubuntu_custom
+> wsl -l -v
+  NAME             STATE           VERSION
+* Ubuntu           Stopped         2
+  Ubuntu_custom    Stopped         2
+> wsl --unregister Ubuntu_custom
+Désinscription...
+> wsl -l -v
+  NAME             STATE           VERSION
+* Ubuntu           Stopped         2</code>
+=== Removing WSL ===
+''wsl'' is a part of the Windows system and probably can't be removed.
-Not too sure about this part...
+Anyway, when all existing Linux distributions are uninstalled, there should not be any big ''.vhdx'' files remaining (i.e. //no extra disk space used//), and there will not be any Linux processes running (i.e. //no extra CPU used//).
-  * Make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories
-  * Find how to unregister Ubuntu on the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config|Manage and configure Windows Subsystem for Linux]] page
-  * and then disable WSL???
 ===== Miscellaneous =====
@@ Line 1043: / Line 1121: @@
-=== Determining which version of WSL is installed ? ===
+=== Determining which version of WSL is installed ===
 If you have never used WSL on a computer, WSL 2 will be installed directly when you follow the [[other:win10wsl#base_installation|Base installation]] steps
@@ Line 1068: / Line 1146: @@
   * For WSL 2, you also need to meet the [[other:win10wsl#hyper-v_requirements|Hyper-V requirements]]
-=== Updating! ===
+=== Upgrading WSL ===
-[[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-3---enable-virtual-machine-feature|Activate the Virtual Machine Platform]] (just the //Step 3// instructions) and reboot the computer
+[[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-3---enable-virtual-machine-feature|Activate the Virtual Machine Platform]] (just the //Step 3// instructions) and **reboot the computer**
-After rebooting, go back to the [[other:win10wsl#updating_wsl_1_to_wsl_2|Am I using WSL 1 or WSL 2 ?]] section above, and check that you are now using WSL 2
+After rebooting, go back to the [[other:win10wsl#determining_which_version_of_wsl_is_installed|Determining which version of WSL is installed]] section above, and check that you are now using WSL 2
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