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other:win10wsl [2022/08/29 15:54] jypeter [Creating a backup of the Linux running in WSL] Started updating for WSL 2 |
other:win10wsl [2022/08/31 09:40] jypeter Started moving 'backup' to the Advanced section |
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[[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]] | [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]] | ||
- | <note warning> | + | <WRAP center round important 60%> |
* What is described on this page was tested with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#whats-new-in-wsl-2|WSL 2]].\\ **WSL 2** is available in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]] | * What is described on this page was tested with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#whats-new-in-wsl-2|WSL 2]].\\ **WSL 2** is available in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-2---check-requirements-for-running-wsl-2|Windows 11 or Windows 10, Version 1903, Build 18362 or later]] | ||
- | * You can also check JYP's [[other:win10_wsl_1|original WSL 1 instructions]] | + | * You can also check JYP's [[other:win10_wsl_1|original WSL 1 instructions]] |
+ | * ...but even **if you need WSL 1, you should use this page for installing WSL, and then switch to WSL 1** with [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#set-default-wsl-version|--set-default-version]] or [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#set-wsl-version-to-1-or-2|--set-version]] | ||
* The user can choose to install Linux using **WSL 1 or WSL 2** | * The user can choose to install Linux using **WSL 1 or WSL 2** | ||
* **WSL 2 should be your default choice** | * **WSL 2 should be your default choice** | ||
* If you have doubts, check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] and read [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#exceptions-for-using-wsl-1-rather-than-wsl-2|Exceptions for using WSL 1 rather than WSL 2]] before choosing | * If you have doubts, check the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions|differences between WSL1 and WSL2]] and read [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions#exceptions-for-using-wsl-1-rather-than-wsl-2|Exceptions for using WSL 1 rather than WSL 2]] before choosing | ||
- | </note> | + | </WRAP> |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round tip 60%> | ||
+ | The commands on this page have to be typed: | ||
+ | * either in **Windows PowerShell terminals** | ||
+ | * or in **bash terminals running in WSL** | ||
+ | It should be clear enough which type of terminal you have to use | ||
+ | </WRAP> | ||
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Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also: | Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also: | ||
- | * Install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]], because it will be one of the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed | + | * Your should really **install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]]**, because it will be one of useful the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed |
- | * Know how to use copy-paste in a Powershell FIXME | + | * **Know how to use copy-paste** in: |
- | * It will be useful to be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files]] | + | * a //Windows Terminal//: [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/selection|Selecting text in Windows Terminal]] |
- | * Have at least some basic knowledge of Linux... | + | * an old ''cmd'' command prompt or a //PowerShell//: FIXME |
+ | * It will be useful to **be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files]]** | ||
+ | * **Have some basic knowledge of Linux**... | ||
* Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required | * Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required | ||
==== Computer CPU and memory ==== | ==== Computer CPU and memory ==== | ||
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* Disk size after upgrading to //Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS// with ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade''\\ ''-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2.6G Aug 24 15:24 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx'' | * Disk size after upgrading to //Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS// with ''sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade''\\ ''-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2.6G Aug 24 15:24 /mnt/c/Users/jypeter/AppData/Local/Packages/CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc/LocalState/ext4.vhdx'' | ||
+ | * Size of the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|backup tar file]] of this installation, generated with ''%%wsl --export%%'': ~1.4 Gb | ||
==== Hyper-V requirements ==== | ==== Hyper-V requirements ==== | ||
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en_US.UTF8 | en_US.UTF8 | ||
</code> | </code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==== Package management ==== | ==== Package management ==== | ||
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* Install the **synaptic** package manager: ''aptitude install synaptic'' | * Install the **synaptic** package manager: ''aptitude install synaptic'' | ||
* [[https://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/synaptic|details]] (fr) | * [[https://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/synaptic|details]] (fr) | ||
+ | |||
=== Useful commands === | === Useful commands === | ||
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* ''dpkg -L package_name'': list files installed from ''package_name'' | * ''dpkg -L package_name'': list files installed from ''package_name'' | ||
* ''dpkg -S path/command'': name of the package used to install ''path/command'' | * ''dpkg -S path/command'': name of the package used to install ''path/command'' | ||
+ | |||
=== Example === | === Example === | ||
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* [[https://linoxide.com/how-to-clear-apt-cache/|How to Clear Apt Cache]] | * [[https://linoxide.com/how-to-clear-apt-cache/|How to Clear Apt Cache]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
===== Advanced configuration ===== | ===== Advanced configuration ===== | ||
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* [[https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/2636|Automount additonal filesystems from fstab]] | * [[https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/2636|Automount additonal filesystems from fstab]] | ||
* [[https://gist.github.com/sgtoj/f82990bcd9e89db49b84e2d2e70b281d|Ubuntu for Windows: Mounting C: Drive to WSL's Root]] | * [[https://gist.github.com/sgtoj/f82990bcd9e89db49b84e2d2e70b281d|Ubuntu for Windows: Mounting C: Drive to WSL's Root]] | ||
+ | |||
==== Rebooting WSL ==== | ==== Rebooting WSL ==== | ||
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* <wrap hi>Regular Windows folders</wrap> where you store data used by WSL: you can use ''tar'' in a Linux terminal, as above, or use any usual way of backing up Windows files (drag and drop, some specific [[other:win10apps#backup_software|backup software]]) | * <wrap hi>Regular Windows folders</wrap> where you store data used by WSL: you can use ''tar'' in a Linux terminal, as above, or use any usual way of backing up Windows files (drag and drop, some specific [[other:win10apps#backup_software|backup software]]) | ||
- | * <wrap hi>The **full** Linux/Ubuntu installation</wrap> running in WSL (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#how-can-i-back-up-my-wsl-distros-or-move-them-from-one-drive-to-another|How can I back up my WSL distros?]]). The following steps will save the full installation in a tar file, that can be used later for restoring the full installation (//restoration// not tested yet) | ||
- | * Open a **Windows terminal** (preferably a //PowerShell// if you need easy copy/paste)\\ The //Windows// terminal is where you will type the ''wsl'' commands shown below | ||
- | * Determine the name of the current Linux installation used in WSL (and see if it is running, and using //WSL 1// or //WSL 2//) | ||
- | * <code>> wsl --list --all | ||
- | Distributions du sous-système Windows pour Linux : | ||
- | Ubuntu (par défaut) | ||
- | > wsl --list --verbose | + | |
+ | ==== Restoring a WSL backup ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads | ||
+ | |||
+ | FIXME Check if [[https://wslhub.com/|WSL Manager]] is maintained and can be useful | ||
+ | |||
+ | This assumes that you have followed the steps above to create a full backup of your Linux distribution in a ''ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' file. This file can theoretically be restored with: | ||
+ | * ''wsl %%--%%import <DistributionName> <InstallLocation> ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' | ||
+ | * Note: found a page mentioning that you should be in a terminal with admin rights when using ''%%--%%import'' | ||
+ | * Can we use the same ''<DistributionName>'' (e.g. ''Ubuntu'') as the one we are trying to restore without first removing it with ''unregister'' ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#unregister-and-reinstall-a-distribution|Unregister and reinstall a distribution]])? | ||
+ | * If we use a new distribution name, it will probably not appear anymore in the Microsoft Store and will not be updated. Is this a problem? | ||
+ | * It seems we can use ''<InstallLocation>'' to install anywhere! What should we do if we want to restore to the default location (in the hidden directory)? | ||
+ | * Can we install out of the current user's Windows folder? | ||
+ | * Can we install out of ''C:\''? | ||
+ | * Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user? | ||
+ | * if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Advanced usage ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Creating a backup of a Linux installation ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can use ''wsl'' to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#how-can-i-back-up-my-wsl-distributions--or-move-them-from-one-drive-to-another-|save a full Linux installation]] to a //tar// file, that can be: | ||
+ | * used later for restoring the full installation | ||
+ | * used for relocating the full installation from ''C:\'' to another disk | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | * Determine the name of the current Linux installation used in WSL (and see if it is running, and using //WSL 1// or //WSL 2//) | ||
+ | * <code>> wsl --list --verbose | ||
NAME STATE VERSION | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
* Ubuntu Running 2</code> | * Ubuntu Running 2</code> | ||
- | * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]] | + | * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]] |
- | * <code>> wsl --list --verbose | + | * <code>> wsl --shutdown |
- | NAME STATE VERSION | + | |
- | * Ubuntu Running 2 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | > wsl --shutdown | + | |
> wsl -l -v | > wsl -l -v | ||
NAME STATE VERSION | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
- | * Ubuntu Stopped 21</code> | + | * Ubuntu Stopped 2</code> |
- | * Export the current Linux to a //tar// file: | + | * Export the specified Linux installation to a //tar// file: |
- | * FIXME ''wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\jypeter\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.4_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar'' | + | * You should export to a directory or external disk where you have //enough// space |
+ | * You should use a detailed enough file name for the tar file | ||
+ | * ''wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.4_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar'' | ||
* 1.4 Gb | * 1.4 Gb | ||
- | * <code> > wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\<your_login>_ubuntu-<ubuntu_version>-full_<some_date>.tar</code> | + | * <code> > wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\<your_login>_ubuntu-<ubuntu_version>-full_<some_date>.tar</code> |
* You can optionally open a new terminal (this will start again WSL+Ubuntu) to get some information about the created file (size and number of saved files/directories), and compress it in order to save some disk space | * You can optionally open a new terminal (this will start again WSL+Ubuntu) to get some information about the created file (size and number of saved files/directories), and compress it in order to save some disk space | ||
* <code>$ cd /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login> | * <code>$ cd /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login> | ||
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</code> | </code> | ||
- | ==== Restoring a WSL backup ==== | + | ==== Restoring or relocating a Linux installation ==== |
- | FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads | + | When we have a backup in a tar file, we can restore it to the default location (Check ?? FIXME), or specify where we want to restore it. This is a way of moving (relocating) an installation to another disk or partition than the default location ''C:\'' |
+ | ==== Uninstalling WSL ==== | ||
- | FIXME Check if [[https://wslhub.com/|WSL Manager]] is maintained and can be useful | + | Before starting, you may want to make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories |
- | This assumes that you have followed the steps above to create a full backup of your Linux distribution in a ''ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' file. This file can theoretically be restored with: | + | === Removing a specific Linux installation === |
- | * ''wsl %%--%%import <DistributionName> <InstallLocation> ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' | + | |
- | * Note: found a page mentioning that you should be in a terminal with admin rights when using ''%%--%%import'' | + | This process is called //unregistering// (based on [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#unregister-or-uninstall-a-linux-distribution|Unregister or uninstall a Linux distribution]]) |
- | * Can we use the same ''<DistributionName>'' (e.g. ''Ubuntu'') as the one we are trying to restore without first removing it with ''unregister'' ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#unregister-and-reinstall-a-distribution|Unregister and reinstall a distribution]])? | + | |
- | * If we use a new distribution name, it will probably not appear anymore in the Microsoft Store and will not be updated. Is this a problem? | + | You just need to get the list of the currently installed Linux distributions, stop them and remove/unregister a specific distribution name |
- | * It seems we can use ''<InstallLocation>'' to install anywhere! What should we do if we want to restore to the default location (in the hidden directory)? | + | |
- | * Can we install out of the current user's Windows folder? | + | <code>> wsl -l -v |
- | * Can we install out of ''C:\''? | + | NAME STATE VERSION |
- | * Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user? | + | * Ubuntu Stopped 2 |
- | * if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated | + | Ubuntu_custom Running 2 |
- | ==== Uninstalling WSL ==== | + | |
+ | > wsl --terminate Ubuntu_custom | ||
+ | |||
+ | > wsl -l -v | ||
+ | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
+ | * Ubuntu Stopped 2 | ||
+ | Ubuntu_custom Stopped 2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | > wsl --unregister Ubuntu_custom | ||
+ | Désinscription... | ||
+ | |||
+ | > wsl -l -v | ||
+ | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
+ | * Ubuntu Stopped 2</code> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | === Removing WSL === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''wsl'' is a part of the Windows system and probably can't be removed. | ||
- | Not too sure about this part... | + | Anyway, when all existing Linux distributions are uninstalled, there should not be any big ''.vhdx'' files remaining (i.e. //no extra disk space used//), and there will not be any Linux processes running (i.e. //no extra CPU used//). |
- | * Make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories | ||
- | * Find how to unregister Ubuntu on the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config|Manage and configure Windows Subsystem for Linux]] page | ||
- | * and then disable WSL??? | ||
===== Miscellaneous ===== | ===== Miscellaneous ===== |