other:win10wsl
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other:win10wsl [2022/08/31 13:29] jypeter [Restoring or relocating a Linux installation] Started improving |
other:win10wsl [2022/09/06 14:45] jypeter [Base installation] |
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| * If you have an older Windows version (at least //Version 1903, Build 18362//), follow the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual|Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL]] | * If you have an older Windows version (at least //Version 1903, Build 18362//), follow the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual|Manual installation steps for older versions of WSL]] | ||
| - | * Open a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode | + | * Open a ''PowerShell'' in //administrator// mode |
| * ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-click on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// | * ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-click on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// | ||
| * Use a [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]], if you have already installed it. Use ''CTRL''+<left click> on ''Windows Powershell'' in the pull-down menu to get a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode | * Use a [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]], if you have already installed it. Use ''CTRL''+<left click> on ''Windows Powershell'' in the pull-down menu to get a ''Powershell'' in //administrator// mode | ||
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| * Reboot the computer and be patient | * Reboot the computer and be patient | ||
| * This step will take some time (make sure you have 15-30 mn available). Windows will install and configure what it needs for running //WSL+Ubuntu//, reboot, and install some more //stuff// | * This step will take some time (make sure you have 15-30 mn available). Windows will install and configure what it needs for running //WSL+Ubuntu//, reboot, and install some more //stuff// | ||
| - | * The final installation step will take place when you open your Windows session. A terminal opens, displaying the final installation of Ubuntu, and asking you for a username and password, and giving you access to a ''bash'' prompt | + | * The final installation step will take place when you open your Windows session. A terminal opens, displaying the final installation of Ubuntu, and asking you for a username and password, and giving you access to a ''bash'' prompt\\ <wrap hi>Do not use an existing password!</wrap> The security of the Linux running in WSL is weak by design, and somebody could easily extract your password information from a backup of your distribution |
| * <code>Installing, this may take a few minutes... | * <code>Installing, this may take a few minutes... | ||
| Please create a default UNIX user account. The username does not need to match your Windows username. | Please create a default UNIX user account. The username does not need to match your Windows username. | ||
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| * If you are not going to use the backup tar file right away, you can optionally compress it in order to save some space | * If you are not going to use the backup tar file right away, you can optionally compress it in order to save some space | ||
| - | * <code>Add compression example here</code> | + | * <code>$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar |
| + | 1.4G Aug 29 17:49 /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar | ||
| + | |||
| + | $ gzip /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar | ||
| + | |||
| + | $ ls -lh /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar.gz | ||
| + | 549M Aug 29 17:49 /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar.gz</code> | ||
| === Backup of specific directories === | === Backup of specific directories === | ||
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| * This is an indirect way of reclaiming the unused space of a Linux installation, i.e the size of the ''ext4.vhdx'' file after importing can be smaller than the size of the originally exported ''ext4.vhdx'' file. | * This is an indirect way of reclaiming the unused space of a Linux installation, i.e the size of the ''ext4.vhdx'' file after importing can be smaller than the size of the originally exported ''ext4.vhdx'' file. | ||
| + | Detailed [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/basic-commands#import-a-new-distribution|--import]] example: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * We assume that we have an exported installation tar file available | ||
| + | * In this example, we use the compressed backup file created in [[other:win10wsl#backup_of_a_full_linux_installation|Backup of a FULL Linux installation]]\\ ''C:\Scratch\<your_login>\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar.gz'' | ||
| + | * Create the directory where the Linux installation (mostly its ''ext4.vhdx'' file) will be restored | ||
| + | * Hint: use an explicit directory path and name using the name of the distribution that will be restored\\ e.g. ''D:\WSL_Distributions\Ubuntu_custom'' | ||
| + | * Import the distribution, giving it a name that does not appear in ''wsl -l -v'' | ||
| + | * <code>> wsl -l -v | ||
| + | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
| + | * Ubuntu Stopped 2 | ||
| + | |||
| + | > wsl --import Ubuntu_custom D:\WSL_Distributions\Ubuntu_custom C:\Scratch\<your_login>\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar.gz | ||
| + | |||
| + | > wsl -l -v | ||
| + | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
| + | * Ubuntu Stopped 2 | ||
| + | Ubuntu_custom Stopped 2</code> | ||
| + | * After importing, there should be a new ''ext4.vhdx'' file in the previously empty ''D:\WSL_Distributions\Ubuntu_custom'' directory | ||
| + | * Start the imported ''Ubuntu_custom'' distribution | ||
| + | * Directly from the Windows Terminal pull-down menu | ||
| + | * Or from a PowerShell, using ''wsl --distribution Ubuntu_custom'' | ||
| + | * WARNING: even if the distribution we imported had an existing default ''stdu'' user, the //new// default user will be ''root'' ! | ||
| + | * It is possible to explicitly specify the requested user each time we start a terminal, but it will be more convenient to specify a default user\\ wsl --distribution Ubuntu_custom --user stdu | ||
| + | * Specify a default user (note: [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/use-custom-distro#add-wsl-specific-components-like-a-default-user|Add WSL a default user]] also shows how to //create a new user//). We just have to use the root account to add a default user (user ''stdu'' here) to the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#user-settings|/etc/wsl.conf]] file | ||
| + | * <code># cat /etc/wsl.conf | ||
| + | cat: /etc/wsl.conf: No such file or directory | ||
| + | |||
| + | # echo -e "[user]\ndefault=stdu" >> /etc/wsl.conf | ||
| + | |||
| + | # cat /etc/wsl.conf | ||
| + | [user] | ||
| + | default=stdu</code> | ||
| + | * Restart the Linux installation to take the new settings into account | ||
| + | * ''%%wsl --terminate Ubuntu_custom%%'' | ||
| + | * If you need the ''root'' account later, you will need to use the ''sudo'' command from the new default account | ||
| + | * <code>$ whoami | ||
| + | stdu | ||
| + | stdu@sadira034:~$ sudo su - | ||
| + | [sudo] password for stdu: | ||
| + | root@sadira034:~# whoami | ||
| + | root</code> | ||
| FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads | FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads | ||
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| * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/release-notes|Release Notes for Windows Subsystem for Linux]] | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/release-notes|Release Notes for Windows Subsystem for Linux]] | ||
| + | * [[https://craigloewen-msft.github.io/WSLTipsAndTricks/|WSL Tips and Tricks]] | ||
| * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq|Frequently Asked Questions]] | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq|Frequently Asked Questions]] | ||
| * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]] | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]] | ||
other/win10wsl.txt · Last modified: 2023/12/06 13:24 by jypeter
