other:win10wsl
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other:win10wsl [2022/09/07 13:16] jypeter [Restoring or relocating a Linux installation] Improved and cleaned |
other:win10wsl [2022/09/09 14:35] jypeter [The basics before starting] Improved |
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| Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also: | Once you have verified that your Windows is recent enough, you should also: | ||
| - | * Your should really **install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]]**, because it will be one of useful the ways to open ''Ubuntu'' terminals, once ''Ubuntu'' is installed | + | * Your should really **install the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows terminal]]** |
| - | * **Know how to use copy-paste** in: | + | * Once //Ubuntu// is installed, there will be additional ways to open [[other:win10wsl#opening_a_terminal|Linux terminals]] |
| - | * a //Windows Terminal//: [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/selection|Selecting text in Windows Terminal]] | + | * **Know how to use copy-paste** in a //Windows Terminal//, a //PowerShell// or a ''cmd'' interpreter |
| - | * an old ''cmd'' command prompt or a //PowerShell//: FIXME | + | * It should work more or less the same way everywhere as in a [[other:win10apps#windows_cmd_command_interpreter|cmd interpreter]] |
| - | * It will be useful to **be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files]]** | + | * It will be useful to **be able to [[other:win10config#displaying_hidden_folders_and_files_and_the_files_extension|see hidden folders and files i n the Windows explorer]]** |
| * **Have some basic knowledge of Linux**... | * **Have some basic knowledge of Linux**... | ||
| * Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required | * Get some [[other:newppl:starting#useful_documentation_for_beginners|basic Linux documentation]] if required | ||
| Line 233: | Line 233: | ||
| stdu@sadira034:~$ echo $SHELL | stdu@sadira034:~$ echo $SHELL | ||
| /bin/bash</code> | /bin/bash</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Note: after installing (even from the PowerShell command line), Ubuntu will appear as a regular installed application in the //Microsoft Store// and the list of applications | ||
| + | * {{ :other:ubuntu_ms-store.png?direct&400 |}} | ||
| + | * {{ :other:ubuntu_applications.png?direct&400 |}} | ||
| * Get some basic information about your new ''Ubuntu'' installation | * Get some basic information about your new ''Ubuntu'' installation | ||
| Line 385: | Line 389: | ||
| === The default terminal === | === The default terminal === | ||
| - | The **Default WSL+Ubuntu //terminal//** is basically a //bash// shell running inside a regular Windows ''cmd'' text console. You do not need to have an //X server// running to use it! | + | <WRAP center round tip 60%> |
| + | The default terminal will be available without installing extra applications like ''WSLtty'' or the ''Windows Terminal''. It will work for testing WSL, but it is **not recommended** if you want to work comfortably | ||
| + | </WRAP> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The **Default WSL+Ubuntu //terminal//** is basically a //bash// shell running inside a regular Windows ''cmd'' text console. You do not need to have an [[other:x_conf#using_an_x_server_on_windows|X server]] running to use it! | ||
| There are several ways to open a default terminal: | There are several ways to open a default terminal: | ||
| Line 402: | Line 410: | ||
| * **paste** the selected text with the right mouse button (click **twice** after a new selection) | * **paste** the selected text with the right mouse button (click **twice** after a new selection) | ||
| * Use ''Alt''+''<Enter>'' to toggle the terminal to full screen (maybe more useful options [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/orphan-topics/ws.11/mt427362(v=ws.11)|here?]]) | * Use ''Alt''+''<Enter>'' to toggle the terminal to full screen (maybe more useful options [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/orphan-topics/ws.11/mt427362(v=ws.11)|here?]]) | ||
| + | |||
| === The WSLtty terminal === | === The WSLtty terminal === | ||
| - | <note tip> | + | <WRAP center round tip 60%> |
| - | * This is the recommended (by JYP) option for now | + | |
| - | * If you can't open a terminal after Windows upgrades from WSL to WSL v2, get and install the latest version of WSLtty ! | + | * This is **the recommended (by JYP) option for now**, until we can use regular Linux select-copy/paste in the Windows Terminal ([[https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/issues/7646|Feature request: add xterm-style select/copy/paste options]]) |
| - | </note> | + | |
| - | [[https://github.com/mintty/wsltty|WSLtty]] allows you to use the efficient //Mintty// as a terminal for WSL. **You do not need to have an //X server// running to use it!** | + | * If you can't open a WSLtty terminal after upgrading from ''WSL'' to ''WSL 2'', install the latest version of WSLtty ! |
| + | </WRAP> | ||
| - | * Download and execute the latest [[https://github.com/mintty/wsltty/releases|64bit installer]] (the most recent ''wsltty-*-install-x86_64.exe'' file) | + | |
| - | * After installing, you will get several ways to open a terminal: | + | |
| - | * Double-click on the ''WSL terminal'' icon on the desktop | + | [[https://github.com/mintty/wsltty|WSLtty]] allows you to use the efficient //Mintty// as a terminal for WSL. **You do not need to have an [[other:x_conf#using_an_x_server_on_windows|X server]] running to use it!** |
| - | * ''U''=>''Ubuntu terminal'' and ''W''=>''WSL Terminal'' in the ''Start'' menu | + | |
| - | * There is also a ''W''=>''WSLtty'' folder, than you don't really need | + | * Use [[https://github.com/mintty/wsltty#windows-package-manager|winget]] (in a PowerShell) to install WSLtty |
| + | * <code>PS C:\Users\your_login> winget install wsltty | ||
| + | Trouvé WSLtty [Mintty.WSLtty] Version 3.6.0 | ||
| + | [...] | ||
| + | Installé correctement</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * After installing, you will get **several new ways to open a terminal**: | ||
| + | * ''WSL terminal'' icon on the desktop | ||
| + | * ''Start'' => ''U'' => ''Ubuntu terminal'' (or ''Ubuntu_custom terminal'' or something similar if you have [[other:win10wsl#restoring_or_relocating_a_linux_installation|restored/relocated a Linux installation]]) | ||
| + | * ''Start'' => ''W'' => ''WSL Terminal'' in the ''Start'' menu | ||
| + | * There is also a ''W'' => ''WSLtty'' folder, than you probably will not need (more details in [[https://github.com/mintty/wsltty#configuration|Configuration]]), except possibly ''configure WSL shortcuts'' (//run after adding or removing WSL distributions, in order to create the respective set of shortcuts in the Start menu//) | ||
| * Open a terminal and right-click in it to check the available options | * Open a terminal and right-click in it to check the available options | ||
| + | * Hint: use the ''Text'' option to select the nice //Cascadia Code// font bundled with the [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]] | ||
| * You can access even more options with CTRL+right-click | * You can access even more options with CTRL+right-click | ||
| * You can cycle between the open WSLtty terminals with CTRL+Tab and Shift+CTRL+Tab | * You can cycle between the open WSLtty terminals with CTRL+Tab and Shift+CTRL+Tab | ||
| * [[https://github.com/mintty/mintty/wiki|Technical stuff]] (on the Mintty wiki) | * [[https://github.com/mintty/mintty/wiki|Technical stuff]] (on the Mintty wiki) | ||
| - | === The new Windows Terminal === | + | === The Windows Terminal === |
| - | Microsoft is working on a powerful replacement of the old ''cmd'' terminal! Check [[https://github.com/microsoft/terminal|Windows Terminal, Console and Command-Line @ github]] | + | The [[other:win10apps#windows_terminal|Windows Terminal]] is really nice and powerful, and will become the recommended (by JYP) option as soon as we can use regular Linux select-copy/paste ([[https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/issues/7646|Feature request: add xterm-style select/copy/paste options]]) |
| - | Note: the //Windows Terminal// looks really promising, but will be nice when there is a GUI for editing the options (rather the editing a //json// file with a text editor...) and a way to select //xterm-style// copy-pasting. See [[https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/issues/7646|Feature request: add xterm-style select/copy/paste options]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | * [[https://aka.ms/terminal|Getting the Windows Terminal from the Microsoft Store]] | ||
| - | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/|Documentation]] | ||
| === Terminals started from Linux === | === Terminals started from Linux === | ||
| - | You can install additional //graphical// terminals inside the Linux running in WSL, but **you will need to have a running //X server// if you want to open them**. In these terminals, the //usual// Linux copy/paste rules will apply! | + | You can install additional //graphical// terminals inside the Linux running in WSL, but **you will need to have a running [[other:x_conf#using_an_x_server_on_windows|X server]] if you want to open them**. In these terminals, the //usual// Linux copy/paste rules will apply! |
| == xterm == | == xterm == | ||
| Line 446: | Line 461: | ||
| * Start from another terminal with: ''xfce4-terminal &'' | * Start from another terminal with: ''xfce4-terminal &'' | ||
| - | ==== Location of the files ==== | + | ==== Where are the files? ==== |
| - | + | ||
| - | You can optionally read the detailed [[https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/06/15/wsl-file-system-support/|WSL File System Support]] page if you want to (try to) understand how things work and how both systems can share files. | + | |
| - | === Linux files seen from Windows === | + | === Accessing Linux files from the Windows Explorer === |
| - | * You can access the Linux files in ''/'' from Windows by opening the //virtual// ''\\wsl$'' path in the Windows explorer (since [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/release-notes#build-18342|Windows build 18342]]) | + | * You can access the Linux files in ''/'' from Windows by opening the //virtual// ''\\wsl$'' path in the Windows explorer |
| * Your Linux //home// directory is located in ''\\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\<your_login>'' | * Your Linux //home// directory is located in ''\\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\<your_login>'' | ||
| + | * There will be some content in ''\\wsl$'' only if a Linux installation is running (i.e. it shows as //Running// in ''wsl -l -v'') | ||
| * The content of the Ubuntu ''/'' directory is actually located in the following //hidden// sub-directory of the user's Windows //home// directory: ''C:\Users\<your_login>\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs'' | * The content of the Ubuntu ''/'' directory is actually located in the following //hidden// sub-directory of the user's Windows //home// directory: ''C:\Users\<your_login>\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs'' | ||
| Line 1125: | Line 1139: | ||
| root@sadira034:~# whoami | root@sadira034:~# whoami | ||
| root</code> | root</code> | ||
| + | * If the //relocation// goal was to free up some space on ''C:'', it is possible to [[other:win10wsl#removing_the_main_linux_installation|Remove the main installation]], once the relocated installation has been successfully tested | ||
| Questions FIXME | Questions FIXME | ||
| * Is it possible to restore to the default location (on ''C:\'') ? | * Is it possible to restore to the default location (on ''C:\'') ? | ||
| - | ==== Uninstalling WSL ==== | + | ==== Uninstalling WSL or a distribution ==== |
| - | Before starting, you may want to make a backup of whatever you had in your Ubuntu home directory, and all the files and settings that are not in the ''/mnt'' directories | + | Before uninstalling //something//, you probably want to [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup|create a backup]], just to be safe... |
| === Removing a specific Linux installation === | === Removing a specific Linux installation === | ||
| Line 1157: | Line 1172: | ||
| * Ubuntu Stopped 2</code> | * Ubuntu Stopped 2</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Removing the main Linux installation === | ||
| + | |||
| + | If you remove the main installation (on ''C:\''): | ||
| + | * Another //relocated// installation will become the new default installation (if present) | ||
| + | * <code>PS C:\Users\your_login> wsl -l -v | ||
| + | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
| + | Ubuntu_custom Running 2 | ||
| + | * Ubuntu Running 2 | ||
| + | |||
| + | PS C:\Users\your_login> wsl --unregister Ubuntu | ||
| + | Désinscription... | ||
| + | |||
| + | PS C:\Users\your_login> wsl -l -v | ||
| + | NAME STATE VERSION | ||
| + | * Ubuntu_custom Running 2</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * The initial installation directory will still be present on ''C:\'', and should probably be left untouched: | ||
| + | * ''C:\Users\your_login\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\'' | ||
| + | * ...with a very low disk usage (the big ''ext4.vhdx'' is removed during the ''unregister'' step) | ||
| + | |||
| + | * ''Ubuntu'' will still appear in the Microsoft store, and clicking on ''Launch'' will trigger a re-installation on ''C:\'' | ||
| + | * If you end up with an installation error message and a new //orphan// ''ext4.vhdx'' file on ''C'', click on ''Launch'' to restart and complete the installation | ||
| + | |||
| + | * ''Ubuntu'' will still appear in the list of installed applications (''Windows'' + ''I'' => ''Applications'') but with a smaller disk usage, probably just the size of the //Linux kernel// installed and updated independently of the Linux installations) | ||
| === Removing WSL === | === Removing WSL === | ||
other/win10wsl.txt · Last modified: 2023/12/06 13:24 by jypeter
