other:win10wsl
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other:win10wsl [2020/01/21 13:47] jypeter [Creating a backup] Started improving this section |
other:win10wsl [2020/04/27 10:51] jypeter Link to WIn10 notes |
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| - | ====== Windows Subsystem for Linux, and Ubuntu ====== | + | ====== Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), and Ubuntu ====== |
| - | <note warning>What is described on this page was tested with **WSL v1**, and not WSL2 (WSL2 will be available for testing mid-2019, and maybe available for actual use in 2020). It should be possible to install both WSL v1 and v2 on the same computer and WSL v2 will theoretically have faster I/O, but we recommend you use WSL v1 for now</note> | + | [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]] |
| + | |||
| + | <note warning>What is described on this page was tested with **WSL v1**, and not WSL 2 ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-index|WSL 2]] will be available for testing mid-2019 through the //Windows Insider Program//, and maybe available for actual use in 2020). | ||
| + | |||
| + | It should be possible to install both WSL v1 and v2 on the same computer and WSL v2 will theoretically have faster I/O, but **we recommend you use WSL v1 for now**</note> | ||
| Read just the top of the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about|Windows Subsystem for Linux Documentation]] for a quick **WSL** description on the Microsoft site | Read just the top of the [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about|Windows Subsystem for Linux Documentation]] for a quick **WSL** description on the Microsoft site | ||
| - | In a few words, WSL is not Linux, it's more a way to [[https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/06/15/wsl-file-system-support/|share files between Windows and Linux]] (it's OK to skip this rather technical link!). That's why you need //WSL **and** a Linux distribution//. | + | In a few words, WSL is not Linux, it's more a way to [[https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/06/15/wsl-file-system-support/|share files between Windows and Linux]] (it's OK to skip this rather technical link!). [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#are-files-in-the-linux-drive-different-from-the-mounted-windows-drive|Files under the Linux root (i.e. /) are controlled by WSL which mimics Linux specific behavior [...follow the link for details...]]]. That's why you need //to activate WSL **and then install a Linux distribution**//. |
| ===== Prerequisites ===== | ===== Prerequisites ===== | ||
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| * Note: there is sometimes a delay between the official release and the time when Windows Update will actually tell you that a major update is available for **your** computer (e.g. the //September YY09// update may become available for you only in December) | * Note: there is sometimes a delay between the official release and the time when Windows Update will actually tell you that a major update is available for **your** computer (e.g. the //September YY09// update may become available for you only in December) | ||
| * //Enough// space on ''C:\''. Microsoft instructions say //The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive)// | * //Enough// space on ''C:\''. Microsoft instructions say //The Windows Subsystem for Linux only runs on your system drive (usually this is your C: drive)// | ||
| - | * The initial installation of Ubuntu does not //seem// to use much disk space (< 1 Gb), but you will get a basic Linux with no graphics, and you will probably need space for installing more applications | + | * Exporting a //simple// Ubuntu configuration (after doing everything from //Base installation// to //Advanced configuration// below) with the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|wsl --export]] command generated a 2.7 Gb tar file (uncompressed), so it's probably good to **start with at least 3 Gb of free space on ''C:\''** (and you always need to keep enough free space on ''C:\'' for regular Windows operation) |
| * The Linux ''/'' and ''/home'' partitions will always be on ''C:'', but the data files can be on any Windows disk/partition (or external drive) of the computer | * The Linux ''/'' and ''/home'' partitions will always be on ''C:'', but the data files can be on any Windows disk/partition (or external drive) of the computer | ||
| * the Windows partitions will be available and accessible in ''/mnt/'', so you can store data on other partitions (e.g. the content of the Windows ''D:\'' partition will be available in ''/mnt/d'' in Linux) | * the Windows partitions will be available and accessible in ''/mnt/'', so you can store data on other partitions (e.g. the content of the Windows ''D:\'' partition will be available in ''/mnt/d'' in Linux) | ||
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| * Checking the properties of ''C:\Users\<your_login>'' will **not** report an accurate size and number of files, because lots of files and directories are hidden! On the test laptop, the reported size of the user backed up directory (with [[other:win10apps#syncbackfree|SyncBackFree]]) was ~20 Gb (user data, WSL+Ubuntu, custom install of the CDAT 8.1 python distribution) | * Checking the properties of ''C:\Users\<your_login>'' will **not** report an accurate size and number of files, because lots of files and directories are hidden! On the test laptop, the reported size of the user backed up directory (with [[other:win10apps#syncbackfree|SyncBackFree]]) was ~20 Gb (user data, WSL+Ubuntu, custom install of the CDAT 8.1 python distribution) | ||
| * Be sure to monitor the remaining free space on ''C:''! | * Be sure to monitor the remaining free space on ''C:''! | ||
| + | * Note: it seems that [[other:win10wsl#restoring_a_wsl_backup|wsl --import]] can restore a backed-up Linux to a user specified location. Maybe this can be used for moving Ubuntu... | ||
| ===== Base installation ===== | ===== Base installation ===== | ||
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| * Follow **closely** the steps listed in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]]. <wrap hi>Open this [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]] in another window, so that you can **read the useful hints below at the same time!**</wrap> | * Follow **closely** the steps listed in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]]. <wrap hi>Open this [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10|WSL Windows 10 Installation Guide]] in another window, so that you can **read the useful hints below at the same time!**</wrap> | ||
| * When you have to //Open PowerShell as Administrator//, go to ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-clik on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// | * When you have to //Open PowerShell as Administrator//, go to ''Start''=>''W''=>''Windows PowerShell'' then right-clik on ''Windows PowerShell'' and select //Run as Administrator// | ||
| + | * FIXME At this stage, we could try to restore/clone a previously installed/customized/backed-up version of Ubuntu if we have one (see [[other:win10wsl#restoring_a_wsl_backup|Restoring a WSL backup]]) | ||
| * In the //Install your Linux Distribution of Choice//, we will use the very easy //install from the Microsoft Store// option | * In the //Install your Linux Distribution of Choice//, we will use the very easy //install from the Microsoft Store// option | ||
| * Open the **Microsoft Store** with: ''Start''=>''Microsoft Store'' | * Open the **Microsoft Store** with: ''Start''=>''Microsoft Store'' | ||
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| === Linux files seen from Windows === | === Linux files seen from Windows === | ||
| - | The content of the Ubuntu ''/'' directory is actually located in the following //hidden// sub-directory of the user's Windows //home// directory: ''C:\Users\<your_login>\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs'' | + | * You can access the Linux files in ''/'' from Windows by opening the //virtual// ''\\wsl$'' path in the Windows explorer (since [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/release-notes#build-18342|Windows build 18342]]) |
| + | * Your Linux //home// directory is located in ''\\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\<your_login>'' | ||
| - | <note important>[[https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2016/11/17/do-not-change-linux-files-using-windows-apps-and-tools/|Do not change Linux files in '/' from Windows!]] | + | * The content of the Ubuntu ''/'' directory is actually located in the following //hidden// sub-directory of the user's Windows //home// directory: ''C:\Users\<your_login>\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs'' |
| - | If you need to update files from both Linux and Windows, put them in a regular Windows directory (not in the hidden directory mentioned above, where the Linux system is installed)</note> | + | <note important>[[https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2016/11/17/do-not-change-linux-files-using-windows-apps-and-tools/|Do not change Linux files in '/' from Windows!]] (it's safe **only** if you use the ''\\wsl$'' path) |
| + | |||
| + | If you need to easily update files from both Linux and Windows, put them in a regular Windows directory (not in the hidden directory mentioned above, where the Linux system is installed)</note> | ||
| === Windows files seen from Linux === | === Windows files seen from Linux === | ||
| + | |||
| + | Note: When you are in an explorer window, you can open a Windows terminal with Linux by holding Shift and right-clicking on a directory and choosing Linux in the context menu. | ||
| The Windows partitions are mounted under ''/mnt'' in Linux: | The Windows partitions are mounted under ''/mnt'' in Linux: | ||
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| ==== Linux version installed ==== | ==== Linux version installed ==== | ||
| - | <code>$ lsb_release -a | + | <code>$ date |
| + | Thu Feb 20 11:18:57 CET 2020 | ||
| + | |||
| + | $ lsb_release -a | ||
| No LSB modules are available. | No LSB modules are available. | ||
| Distributor ID: Ubuntu | Distributor ID: Ubuntu | ||
| - | Description: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS | + | Description: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS |
| Release: 18.04 | Release: 18.04 | ||
| Codename: bionic | Codename: bionic | ||
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| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | === Installing an X server === | + | ==== Installing an X server ==== |
| <WRAP center round important 60%> | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
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| </WRAP> | </WRAP> | ||
| - | == Installing VcXrsv == | + | === Installing VcXrsv === |
| <note tip>VcXrsv is pre-installed on the LSCE computers!</note> | <note tip>VcXrsv is pre-installed on the LSCE computers!</note> | ||
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| Download the installer from [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/|VcXrsv]] | Download the installer from [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/|VcXrsv]] | ||
| - | **VcXrsv Configuration** | + | == VcXrsv Configuration == |
| You need to configure your VcXrsv to work in multiple windows mode. The following steps will show you how to create a shortcut on your desktop to start VcXrsv in the apropriate mode | You need to configure your VcXrsv to work in multiple windows mode. The following steps will show you how to create a shortcut on your desktop to start VcXrsv in the apropriate mode | ||
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| - | == Installing x410 == | + | === Installing x410 === |
| Type: <wrap em>commercial</wrap> | Type: <wrap em>commercial</wrap> | ||
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| * You can configure (and exit) X410 by right clicking on its **X** icon | * You can configure (and exit) X410 by right clicking on its **X** icon | ||
| - | == Installing MobaXterm == | + | === Installing MobaXterm === |
| Type: <wrap em>commercial</wrap> | Type: <wrap em>commercial</wrap> | ||
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| Available at [[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/|MobaXterm]], not tested. This seems to be more than just an X server, and may be an overkill if you just need an X server | Available at [[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/|MobaXterm]], not tested. This seems to be more than just an X server, and may be an overkill if you just need an X server | ||
| - | === Configuration (in your local Linux account) === | + | ==== Configuration (in your local Linux account) ==== |
| * Set the DISPLAY variable in the shell (by hand, or in the bash shell init file) | * Set the DISPLAY variable in the shell (by hand, or in the bash shell init file) | ||
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| * it breaks ''glxgears'' with x410 | * it breaks ''glxgears'' with x410 | ||
| - | === Resources === | + | ==== Resources ==== |
| You can skip this! m( | You can skip this! m( | ||
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| === ssh to WSL === | === ssh to WSL === | ||
| - | FIXME | + | FIXME Maybe check [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/troubleshooting#openssh-server-connection-issues|OpenSSH-Server connection issues]] |
| Maybe it could be useful to do a ''ssh'' from the Win10 part of the machine to the WSL part, and from outside the machine to the WSL part | Maybe it could be useful to do a ''ssh'' from the Win10 part of the machine to the WSL part, and from outside the machine to the WSL part | ||
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| * After enabling //metadata//: ''C: on /mnt/c type drvfs (rw,noatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,metadata,case=off)'' | * After enabling //metadata//: ''C: on /mnt/c type drvfs (rw,noatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,metadata,case=off)'' | ||
| - | Optional: more details about [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/automatically-configuring-wsl/|wsl.conf]] and [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/chmod-chown-wsl-improvements/|metadata and access rights management]] | + | Optional: more details about ''wsl.conf'' in [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#set-wsl-launch-settings|WSL launch settings]], [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/automatically-configuring-wsl/|How to use wsl.conf]] and [[https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/chmod-chown-wsl-improvements/|metadata and access rights management]] |
| === On-the-fly mount === | === On-the-fly mount === | ||
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| WSL can be rebooted (all the terminals and processed will be closed/killed) by restarting the //WSL service// (''LxssManager'') | WSL can be rebooted (all the terminals and processed will be closed/killed) by restarting the //WSL service// (''LxssManager'') | ||
| + | * from a //Windows PowerShell// (no need to run as administrator):\\ type ''wsl %%--%%terminate Ubuntu'' | ||
| * from the //Services// tab of the Task manager or the //Services// program (launch ''services.msc'') | * from the //Services// tab of the Task manager or the //Services// program (launch ''services.msc'') | ||
| * Right-click on the ''LxssManager'' service and select //Restart// | * Right-click on the ''LxssManager'' service and select //Restart// | ||
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| $ tar cfz /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/<your_login>_home_<some_date>.tgz <your_login> | $ tar cfz /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/<your_login>_home_<some_date>.tgz <your_login> | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | * Windows directories that are not in ''/'': you can use ''tar'' from Linux like above, or use any usual way of backing up Windows files (drag and drop, some specific backup software) | + | * Windows folders that are not in ''/'': you can use ''tar'' from Linux, as above, or use any usual way of backing up Windows files (drag and drop, some specific backup software) |
| + | * The **full Linux/Ubuntu installation** running in WSL (following [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq#how-can-i-back-up-my-wsl-distros|How can I back up my WSL distros?]]). The following steps will save the full installation in a tar file, that can be used later for restoring the full installation (//restoration// not tested yet) | ||
| + | * Open a Windows terminal (preferably a PowerShell if you need easy copy/paste) | ||
| + | * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop WSL+Linux]] | ||
| + | * Determine the name of the current Linux installation used in WSL | ||
| + | * <code>> wsl --list --all | ||
| + | Distributions du sous-système Windows pour Linux : | ||
| + | Ubuntu (par défaut)</code> | ||
| + | * Export the current Linux to a tar file: ''wsl %%--%%export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\<your_login>\ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' | ||
| + | * Get some information about the created file (size and number of saved files/directories), in a Linux terminal | ||
| + | * <code>$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar | ||
| + | 2.6G Jan 21 14:25 /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/ubuntu_<your_login>_200121.tar | ||
| - | Best thing is probably to create tar file of the user's home directory, and get a list of installed applications and updated settings (e.g ''/etc/fstab'') | + | jypeter@lsce5203:/mnt/c/Scratch/jypeter$ tar tvf /mnt/c/Scratch/<your_login>/ubuntu_<your_login>_200121.tar | wc -l |
| + | 105600 | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Restoring a WSL backup ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | FIXME Read [[https://www.howtogeek.com/426562/how-to-export-and-import-your-linux-systems-on-windows-10/|How to Export and Import Your Linux Systems on Windows 10]] and [[https://winaero.com/blog/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/|Export and Import WSL Linux Distro in Windows 10]] and similar threads | ||
| + | |||
| + | FIXME Check if [[https://wslhub.com/|WSL Manager]] is maintained and can be useful | ||
| - | Check [[https://askubuntu.com/questions/9135/how-to-backup-settings-and-list-of-installed-packages|How to backup settings and list of installed packages]] | + | This assumes that you have followed the steps above to create a full backup of your Linux distribution in a ''ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' file. This file can theoretically be restored with: |
| + | * ''wsl %%--%%import <DistributionName> <InstallLocation> ubuntu_<your_login>_<some_date>.tar'' | ||
| + | * Note: found a page mentioning that you should be in a terminal with admin rights when using ''%%--%%import'' | ||
| + | * Can we use the same ''<DistributionName>'' (e.g. ''Ubuntu'') as the one we are trying to restore without first removing it with ''unregister'' ([[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#unregister-and-reinstall-a-distribution|Unregister and reinstall a distribution]])? | ||
| + | * If we use a new distribution name, it will probably not appear anymore in the Microsoft Store and will not be updated. Is this a problem? | ||
| + | * It seems we can use ''<InstallLocation>'' to install anywhere! What should we do if we want to restore to the default location (in the hidden directory)? | ||
| + | * Can we install out of the current user's Windows folder? | ||
| + | * Can we install out of ''C:\''? | ||
| + | * Can we restore (//clone//) a backed up Linux distribution on another Windows 10 computer for another user? | ||
| + | * if the default user (and its password) has to be changed, you probably have to follow the steps to [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/user-support#for-fall-creators-update-and-later|reset the Linux password]] and find a way to create a new account when the ''root'' password is activated | ||
| ==== Uninstalling WSL ==== | ==== Uninstalling WSL ==== | ||
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| * and then disable WSL??? | * and then disable WSL??? | ||
| ===== Other WSL resources and links ===== | ===== Other WSL resources and links ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/release-notes|Release Notes for Windows Subsystem for Linux]] | ||
| * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq|Frequently Asked Questions]] | * [[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/faq|Frequently Asked Questions]] | ||
other/win10wsl.txt · Last modified: 2021/02/24 14:44 by jypeter
