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--- other:win10wsl [2022/09/16 15:03]
jypeter [Package management] Improved
+++ other:win10wsl [2022/11/15 14:32]
jypeter Added "Work in Progress" warning at the top
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]]
+<WRAP center round alert 60%>
+JYP is still working on this page! Some content may be out of date, or still related to WSL 1
+</WRAP>
 <WRAP center round important 60%>
@@ Line 144: / Line 149: @@
 <WRAP center round tip 60%>
-You can skip reading this WSL //requirement// if you are installing WSL for the first time, and are therefor directly installing WSL 2
+You can skip reading this WSL //requirement// if you are installing WSL for the first time, and are therefore directly installing WSL 2
-Come back later if you have problems
+Come back here later (only) if you have problems
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 167: / Line 172: @@
     * <code>                                            Virtualisation activée dans le microprogramme : Oui</code>
+=== Hyper-V related information ===
+Miscellaneous technical links and information, in case we need this later...
+  * [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/|Virtualization documentation]]
+    * [[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/api/|Hyper-V APIs]]
+  * ''hcsdiag list'' and ''hcsdiag kill <ID>''
 ===== Base installation =====
@@ Line 354: / Line 366: @@
 ==== Opening a terminal ====
+<WRAP center round tip 60%>
+Having a terminal you can efficiently interact with is the basis of your future work with WSL+Ubuntu!
+</WRAP>
   * Read the sub-sections below to find out the different ways to open //terminals//
@@ Line 360: / Line 376: @@
   * Closing all terminals will not stop WSL+Ubuntu. Read the [[#rebooting_wsl|rebooting WSL section]] if you need a clean start of WSL without rebooting Windows
-Having a terminal you can efficiently interact with is the basis of your future work with WSL+Ubuntu! You can **optionally** read the [[https://nickjanetakis.com/blog/conemu-vs-hyper-vs-terminus-vs-mobaxterm-terminator-vs-ubuntu-wsl|ConEmu vs Hyper vs Terminus vs MobaXTerm Terminator vs Ubuntu WSL]] blog if you really want more details
+Optional reading (if you really have time):
+  * [[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/4126/what-is-the-exact-difference-between-a-terminal-a-shell-a-tty-and-a-con|What is the exact difference between a 'terminal', a 'shell', a 'tty' and a 'console'?]]
+  * [[https://nickjanetakis.com/blog/conemu-vs-hyper-vs-terminus-vs-mobaxterm-terminator-vs-ubuntu-wsl|ConEmu vs Hyper vs Terminus vs MobaXTerm Terminator vs Ubuntu WSL]] for more details about terminals
 === The default terminal ===
@@ Line 414: / Line 433: @@
       * {{ :other:wsltty_text_options.png?direct&250 |}}
     * You can access even more options with CTRL+right-click
-    * You can cycle between the open WSLtty terminals with CTRL+Tab and Shift+CTRL+Tab
+    * Note: the WSLtty (non-default) settings are stored in: ''C:\Users\jypeter\AppData\Roaming\wsltty\config''
+  * You can cycle between the open WSLtty terminals with CTRL+Tab and Shift+CTRL+Tab
   * Extra [[https://github.com/mintty/mintty/wiki|technical stuff]] (on the Mintty wiki)
@@ Line 424: / Line 444: @@
 === Terminals started from Linux ===
-You can install additional //graphical// terminals inside the Linux running in WSL, but **you will need to have a running [[other:x_conf#using_an_x_server_on_windows|X server]] if you want to open them**. In these terminals, the //usual// Linux copy/paste rules will apply!
+You can [[other:win10wsl#adding_useful_packages|install additional graphical terminals in the Linux installation]], but **you will need to have a running [[other:x_conf#using_an_x_server_on_windows|X server]] if you want to open them**. In these terminals, the //usual// Linux copy/paste rules will apply!
-== xterm ==
+  * ''xterm'' package
+  * ''xfce4-terminal'' package
-  * Install with: ''apt-get install xterm''
-  * Start from another terminal with: ''xterm &''
-== xfce-terminal ==
-  * Install with: ''apt-get install xfce4-terminal''
-  * Start from another terminal with: ''xfce4-terminal &''
 ==== Where are the files? ====
@@ Line 602: / Line 615: @@
 FIXME [[https://snapcraft.io/docs|Snap documentation]]
 === Installing extra package managers ===
@@ Line 631: / Line 645: @@
       * EN: [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto|synaptic Howto @ Ubuntu]]
       * FR: [[https://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/synaptic|synaptic @ ubuntu-fr]]
 === Some useful commands ===
@@ Line 671: / Line 686: @@
 [...]</code>
+=== Adding useful packages ===
+There is not that much installed by default in Ubuntu, and we use ''apt insall'' to get ready for some real work!
+<code>$ sudo apt install gcc libglu1-mesa mesa-utils x11-apps xterm xfce4-terminal emacs evince eog imagemagick nco cdo netcdf-bin ncview</code>
+Notes:
+  * Some of the installed packages (''nco cdo netcdf-bin ncview'') are used for handling data files in //NetCDF format// may not be useful to people outside LSCE
+  * Adding lots of extra packages requires **much more disk space**, and the size of the ''.vhdx'' will increase significantly!
+    * <code>$ ls -lh /mnt/d/WSL_Distributions/Ubuntu_custom/ext4.vhdx
+.7G Sep 16 18:02 /mnt/d/WSL_Distributions/Ubuntu_custom/ext4.vhdx</code>
+    * Size of the [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup|backup]] after adding the extra packages: we go from 549 Mb to 1.2 Gb!\\ 1.2G Sep 19 13:52 WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-09-19.tar.gz
 ==== Using an X server ====
@@ Line 700: / Line 728: @@
   * FIXME **//X server// and WSL2** : check ''export DISPLAY=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2}'):0.0'' in [[https://solvercube.com/how-to-install-ubuntu-20-04-on-windows-using-wsl/|How to install Ubuntu 20.04 on Windows using WSL]]
-==== Adding useful packages ====
-Reminder: you need to use the ''root'' account (with ''sudo -s'') in order to use the following commands
-<code>$ apt-get install gcc libglu1-mesa mesa-utils libsm6 x11-apps
-# Check the "Terminals started from Linux" section
-# if you need to install extra terminals
-# Install emacs
-$ apt-get install emacs
-# Install pdf (evince) and image (eog) viewers
-$ apt-get install evince eog
-# Install wslu to improve the Windows<->Linux communication
-$ apt-get install wslu
-# The packages below are useful for dealing with climate data
-# in netCDF files (and are also requirements of CLIMAF)
-$ aptitude install imagemagick nco cdo netcdf-bin ncview exiv2</code>
@@ Line 757: / Line 763: @@
 /mnt/h/Scratch/jyp/pkg_190221.txt</code>
-==== Upgrading ubuntu ====
+==== Upgrading Ubuntu ====
 <WRAP center round tip 60%>
-You can skip this section if you have just installed ubuntu, since you are already running the latest stable release available
+You can skip this section if you have just installed Ubuntu, since you are already running the latest stable release available
 </WRAP>
-The **updates** are for maintaining the same version of ubuntu (e.g. you go from version ''18.04.2'' to ''18.04.5''), while **upgrades** are for going from one major version to the next (e.g ''16.xx'' => ''18.xx'' => ''20.xx''). We try to only use the stable major releases, that have an even version number.
+The **updates** are for maintaining the same version of Ubuntu (e.g. you go from version ''18.04.2'' to ''18.04.5''), while **upgrades** are for going from one major version to the next (e.g ''16.xx'' => ''18.xx'' => ''20.xx''). We try to only use the stable major releases, that have an even version number.
-We use the **LTS versions** (//Long Time Support//) to ensure even more stability, which means that we will get updates of a given major release for quite some time after the next major release is available, so it is not mandatory to updgrade ubuntu if you are still receiving updates for the release you use
+We use the **LTS versions** (//Long Time Support//) to ensure even more stability, which means that we will get updates of a given major release for quite some time after the next major release is available, so it is not mandatory to upgrade Ubuntu if you are still receiving updates for the (major) release you are using
-There should not be any risk, but it may be a good idea to [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|create a backup]] of your current ubuntu before upgrading it!
+There should not be any risk, but it may be a good idea to [[other:win10wsl#creating_a_backup_of_the_linux_running_in_wsl|create a backup]] of your current Ubuntu before upgrading it!
 Use ''sudo'' for each command below, or just become root by using ''sudo su -''
@@ Line 1104: / Line 1110: @@
   * Determine the name of the current Linux installation(s) used in WSL
     * <code>> wsl --list --verbose
-  NAME      STATE           VERSION
+  NAME             STATE           VERSION
-* Ubuntu    Running         2</code>
+* Ubuntu_custom    Running         2</code>
   * [[other:win10wsl#rebooting_wsl|Stop all running installations]]
       * <code>> wsl --shutdown
 > wsl -l -v
-  NAME      STATE           VERSION
+  NAME             STATE           VERSION
-* Ubuntu    Stopped         2</code>
+* Ubuntu_custom    Stopped         2</code>
       * ... or stop just the specific installation that you want to save:\\ ''%%> wsl --terminate Ubuntu_custom%%''
   * Export the specified Linux installation to a //tar// file:
-    * You should export to a directory or external disk where you have //enough// space\\ e.g. The tar file for a [[other:win10wsl#base_installation|newly installed and updated]] //Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS// is ~1.4 Gb
+    * You should export to a directory or external disk where you have //enough// space\\ e.g. The tar file for a [[other:win10wsl#base_installation|newly installed and updated]] //Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS// is ~1.4 Gb (550 Mb after compression)
     * You should use a detailed enough file name for the tar file\\ e.g. WSL_<Linux_Distribution>_<Distribution_Version>_<User>_<Date>.tar
-    * Example: ''%%wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\your_login\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar%%''
+    * Example: ''%%wsl --export Ubuntu C:\Scratch\your_login\WSL\WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-10-27.tar%%''
     * You can (probably) save a lot of space by compressing the backup
-      * It is not documented (yet), but the [[https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/WSL/issues/1607|wsl --import]] command can directly import ''tar.gz'' files!
+      * It is not documented (yet), but the [[https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/WSL/issues/1607|wsl --import]] command (if you need to use it later) can directly import ''tar.gz'' files!
-      * <code>$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar
+      * <code>$ ls -lh /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-10-27.tar
-.4G Aug 29 17:49 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar
+.3G Oct 27 18:01 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-10-27.tar
-$ gzip  /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar
+$ gzip /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-10-27.tar
 $ ls -lh /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_*
 M Aug 29 17:49 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-08-29.tar.gz
-M Sep 14 16:18 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-09-14.tar.gz</code>
+M Sep 14 16:18 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-09-14.tar.gz
+.2G Sep 19 13:52 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-09-19.tar.gz
+.3G Oct 27 18:01 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/WSL_Ubuntu_20.04.5_LTS_stdu_22-10-27.tar.gz</code>
 === Backup of specific directories ===
@@ Line 1134: / Line 1142: @@
 You can also just create backups of specific directories:
-  * Your Linux //home// directory (''/home/your_login/''), or some specific sub-directories of the //Ubuntu// running in WSL (sub-directories of ''/''): the best way to save them is probably to **create a //tar// file from Linux**, and put this //tar// file in a specific Windows //WSL backup folder// (we will use below the directory ''/mnt/c/Scratch/your_login'' or ''c:\Scratch\your_login'')
+  * Your Linux //home// directory (''/home/your_login/''), or some specific sub-directories of the //Ubuntu// running in WSL (sub-directories of ''/''): the best way to save them is probably to **create a //tar// file from Linux**, and put this //tar// file in a specific Windows //WSL backup folder// (we will use below the directory ''/mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL'' or ''c:\Scratch\your_login\WSL'')
     * <code bash>$ cd /home
 $ du -sh $USER
 K    your_login
-# We assume below that there is an existing /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/ directory
+# We assume below that there is an existing /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/ directory
-# It's a WINDOWS directory C:\Scratch\your_login
+# Same directory (seen from WINDOWS) C:\Scratch\your_login\WSL\
-$ tar cfz /mnt/c/Scratch/$USER/${USER}_home_`date +%y%m%d_%H%M`.tgz $USER
+$ tar cfz /mnt/c/Scratch/$USER/WSL/${USER}_home_`date +%y-%m-%d_%H%M`.tgz $USER
 # Check the size of the new (and existing old) backup(s)
-$ ls -ltr /mnt/c/Scratch/$USER/${USER}_*.tgz
+$ ls -ltrh /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/${USER}_*.tgz
-K Jan 21  2020 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/your_login_home_200121.tgz
+.0K Oct 28 16:09 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/WSL/stdu_home_22-10-28_1609.tgz</code>
-K Aug 22  2020 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/your_login_home_200822_1151.tgz
-K Feb 24 12:09 /mnt/c/Scratch/your_login/your_login_home_210224_1209.tgz</code>
   * Regular Windows folders where you store data used by WSL: you can use ''tar'' in a Linux terminal, as above, or use any usual way of backing up Windows files (drag and drop, some specific [[other:win10apps#backup_software|backup software]])

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