other:x_conf
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other:x_conf [2022/08/08 13:39] jypeter [Configuration on the remote machine] |
other:x_conf [2022/08/09 08:53] jypeter [Using an X server on Linux] |
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| ===== What is an X server? ===== | ===== What is an X server? ===== | ||
| - | An //X server// is not a server for distributing your perfect models output! | + | * An //X server// **is not** a server for distributing your perfect models output! |
| - | An //X server// is basically a program running on your local computer that understands the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol|X Windows System protocol]] used by **remote Linux servers** to generate graphics, and that can //render// (i.e. display) the graphics generated remotely on your **local computer**. | + | * An //X server// **is** basically a program running on your **local** computer that understands the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol|X Windows System protocol]] used by **Linux computers** (**local** computer, or **remote** Linux servers) to generate graphics, and that can //render// (i.e. display) the graphics generated **remotely** on your **local** computer |
| + | |||
| + | ===== What do we mean exactly with Local and Remote computers? ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | This page will very often mention **local computers** or **remote computers**: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * The **local computer** is the desktop or laptop you are interacting with (using a screen+mouse+keyboard) | ||
| + | * The local computer can be a **Linux, Windows or Mac (i.e //OS X//) computer** | ||
| + | |||
| + | * The **remote computer or server** is another computer that you also want to interact with (using the screen+mouse+keyboard of your local computer) | ||
| + | * We only consider on this page the case of a **remote //Linux// machine** that **requires a local running //X server//** | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **Remote Linux machine** can mean several things: | ||
| + | * It can be another operating system running inside **a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine|Virtual Machine]] on your local computer** | ||
| + | * We mostly consider on this page the case of a **Linux virtual machine** using [[other:win10wsl|Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)]] on a Windows computer, but this can apply to other configurations | ||
| + | * It can be a **distant computer** or server in your building, or a high performance computer in a computing center on the other side of the Earth. It could also be a virtual machine in the //Cloud// | ||
| ===== Using an X server on Linux ===== | ===== Using an X server on Linux ===== | ||
| - | Linux computers come pre-configured with a running //X server// that will display the graphics generated locally and on remote Linux servers | + | <WRAP center round tip 60%> |
| + | You don't need to do anything special! | ||
| + | </WRAP> | ||
| - | **You don't need to do anything special!** | + | Linux computers come pre-configured with a running //X server// that will display the graphics generated locally and on remote Linux servers |
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| ===== Configuration on the remote Linux server ===== | ===== Configuration on the remote Linux server ===== | ||
| - | ==== If you are connecting with ssh ==== | + | ==== If you are connecting with ssh or PuTTY ==== |
| - | Nothing special to do if you are using [[other:ssh#using_an_x_server_to_display_graphics|"ssh -X" or "ssh -Y"]] | + | Nothing special to do, if you are using [[other:ssh#using_an_x_server_to_display_graphics|"ssh -X" or "ssh -Y"]] or ''PuTTY'' to connect to a remote Linux server |
| ==== If you are using WSL ==== | ==== If you are using WSL ==== | ||
| - | If you have installed [[other:win10wsl|WSL+Ubuntu]] on your local machine, and you need your //X server// to display local graphics generated in WSL, you need to **define the ''DISPLAY'' variable** in your terminal: | + | You need to know what you consider as the //Local machine//, and what is the //Remote server// |
| - | * //bash// shell: ''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'' | + | |
| - | * //tcsh// shell: ''setenv DISPLAY localhost:0.0'' | + | * **Local machine**: your local **Windows computer**, where you have installed [[other:win10wsl|WSL+Ubuntu]] |
| - | * You probably want to define the ''DISPLAY'' variable automatically in one of the shell configuration files | + | |
| + | * **Remote server** : we consider 2 types of remote servers: | ||
| + | * an **actual remote server** | ||
| + | * The **WSL computer** running on a **virtual machine inside your local Windows computer**. This can be considered as a different and //remote// computer, even it is running on the local computer\\ You need your local //X server// to display graphics generated in WSL | ||
| + | * **Define the ''DISPLAY'' variable** in the terminals used in WSL: | ||
| + | * //bash// shell: ''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'' | ||
| + | * //tcsh// shell: ''setenv DISPLAY localhost:0.0'' | ||
| + | * You probably want to define the ''DISPLAY'' variable automatically in one of the shell configuration files | ||
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| ==== On a Windows computer with WSL+Linux and an X server installed ==== | ==== On a Windows computer with WSL+Linux and an X server installed ==== | ||
| + | We assume that [[other:win10wsl|WSL+Ubuntu]] is installed and that the ''DISPLAY'' variable is [[other:x_conf#if_you_are_using_wsl|configured correctly]] | ||
| - | * FIXME ''export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0'' | + | Open a WSL terminal (you should know how, if you have installed WSL) and type some basic commands |
| + | <code>[Local WSL] $ hostname | ||
| + | name_of_your_local_machine | ||
| + | [Local WSL] $ echo $DISPLAY | ||
| + | localhost:0.0 | ||
| + | [Local WSL] $ xterm | ||
| + | [Local WSL] $ ssh -X some_login@some_remote_server | ||
| + | [some connection information skipped here] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [Remote] $ echo $DISPLAY | ||
| + | localhost:22.0 | ||
| + | [Remote] $ xterm</code> | ||
| ===== Troubleshooting ===== | ===== Troubleshooting ===== | ||
| Line 179: | Line 215: | ||
| * Have you configured [[other:putty_conf|PuTTY]] and/or other required applications correctly ? | * Have you configured [[other:putty_conf|PuTTY]] and/or other required applications correctly ? | ||
| * Is the ''DISPLAY'' variable defined correctly on the local and remote computer? | * Is the ''DISPLAY'' variable defined correctly on the local and remote computer? | ||
| + | |||
| + | === When DISPLAY is not defined correctly === | ||
| + | |||
| + | If the ''DISPLAY'' **variable is not defined (correctly)**, you will get a ''Can't open display: //[NO VALUE DISPLAYED HERE]//'' error | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code>$ xterm & | ||
| + | $ xterm: Xt error: Can't open display: | ||
| + | xterm: DISPLAY is not set | ||
| + | $ echo $DISPLAY | ||
| + | |||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Make sure that you are using ''ssh -X'' or ''ssh -Y'', or that [[other:putty_conf#changing_some_useful_settings|PuTTY is configured]] with ''Enable X11 forwarding'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | === When there is no X server running === | ||
| + | |||
| + | If the ''DISPLAY'' variable is defined, but there is **no X server**, you will get a ''Can't open display: localhost://[SOME VALUE]//'' error\\ <code>$ xterm & | ||
| + | $ connect localhost port 6000: Connection refused | ||
| + | xterm: Xt error: Can't open display: localhost:12.0</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Time to [[other:x_conf|read this page again]]... | ||
| ==== OpenGL related settings ==== | ==== OpenGL related settings ==== | ||
other/x_conf.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/30 08:20 by jypeter
