pmip3:design:lm:final
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| - | //Go to =>// [ [[pmip3:design:pi:final|PI]] ] - [ [[pmip3:design:6k:final|6ka]] ] - [ [[pmip3:design:21ka:final|21ka]] ] - [ **LM** ] | + | //Go to =>// [ [[pmip3:design:pi:final|PI]] ] - [ [[pmip3:design:6k:final|6ka]] ] - [ [[pmip3:design:21k:final|21ka]] ] - [ **LM** ] |
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| ==== Total Solar Irradiance ==== | ==== Total Solar Irradiance ==== | ||
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| - | The following figure (click to get the full-size image) has been provided by [[johann.jungclaus@zmaw.de|Johann Jungclaus]] (MPI-M Hamburg) | ||
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| - | {{:pmip3:design:lm:xsolarpag.png?500|Click to get the full-size image}} | ||
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| - | Time series of TSI (Wm-2) from 800AD to 2000. For the COSMOS (MPI-M) | ||
| - | Millennium simulations (black curve), a 11 year cycle was added for consistency over the | ||
| - | entire period. | ||
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| - | Notes: We will impose an 11 year cycle on pre-sunspot reconstructions for consistency of the spectrum of natural variability. Additionally, we will give a spectral set of irradiance changes based on modern variability observed by satellite (Lean). | ||
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| - | Candidate reconstructions: Krivova, Steinhilber, new Bard?, (TBD) | ||
| ==== Volcanic Forcings ==== | ==== Volcanic Forcings ==== | ||
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| Two alternative data sets are provided below. It is up to the groups to choose the Gao-Robock-Amann or the Crowley reconstruction for their last millenium simulation. | Two alternative data sets are provided below. It is up to the groups to choose the Gao-Robock-Amann or the Crowley reconstruction for their last millenium simulation. | ||
| - | ==== The Gao-Robock-Ammann data set ==== | + | === The Gao-Robock-Ammann data set === |
| Time series of global hemispheric total stratospheric sulphate injections from volcanic eruptions for the past 1500 years as well as estimates of stratospheric loading as a function of latitude, altitude, and month are available from | Time series of global hemispheric total stratospheric sulphate injections from volcanic eruptions for the past 1500 years as well as estimates of stratospheric loading as a function of latitude, altitude, and month are available from | ||
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| - | ==== The Crowley data set ==== | + | === The Crowley data set === |
| - | The volcanic forcing is calculated using time series of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 0.55μm and of the effective radius (Reff) (Crowley et al., 2008). The time resolution of the series is ten days and the data are provided at four equal area latitude bands. AOD estimates are based on a correlation between sulphate in Antarctic ice cores and satellite data (Sato et al., 1993). Reff growth and decay is based on satellite observations of the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, with eruptions larger than that of Pinatubo (maximum is 0.15) being scaled by the theoretical calculations for very large eruptions (Pinto et al., 1989). In the model AOD is distributed between 20-86 hPa over three vertical levels, with a maximum at 50 hPa. Sensitivity experiments for the model response to the Pinatubo eruption yield an average global temperature change (0.4 K) comparable to observations. For the largest eruption of the last millennium, the 1258 AD eruption, a NH summer temperature anomaly over land of 1.2 K is found in agreement with reconstructions (Timmreck et al., 2009) | + | The volcanic forcing is calculated using time series of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 0.55μm and of the effective radius (Reff) (Crowley et al., 2008). The time resolution of the series is ten days and the data are provided at four equal area latitude bands. |
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| + | AOD estimates are based on a correlation between sulphate in Antarctic ice cores and satellite data (Sato et al., 1993). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Reff growth and decay is based on satellite observations of the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, with eruptions larger than that of Pinatubo (maximum is 0.15) being scaled by the theoretical calculations for very large eruptions (Pinto et al., 1989). In the model AOD is distributed between 20-86 hPa over three vertical levels, with a maximum at 50 hPa. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sensitivity experiments for the model response to the Pinatubo eruption yield an average global temperature change (0.4 K) comparable to observations. For the largest eruption of the last millennium, the 1258 AD eruption, a NH summer temperature anomaly over land of 1.2 K is found in agreement with reconstructions (Timmreck et al., 2009) | ||
| Crowley, T. et al. Volcanism and the Little Ice Age. PAGES Newsletter, 16, 22-23 (2008). | Crowley, T. et al. Volcanism and the Little Ice Age. PAGES Newsletter, 16, 22-23 (2008). | ||
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| Sato, M., Hansen, J.E., McCormick, M.P. & Pollack, J.B. Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850-1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D12), 22,987-22,994, doi:10.1029/93JD02553 (1993). | Sato, M., Hansen, J.E., McCormick, M.P. & Pollack, J.B. Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850-1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D12), 22,987-22,994, doi:10.1029/93JD02553 (1993). | ||
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| Pinto, J.P., Turco, R.P., & Toon, O.B. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 94(D8), 11,165-11,174, doi:10.1029/JD094iD08p11165 (1989). | Pinto, J.P., Turco, R.P., & Toon, O.B. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 94(D8), 11,165-11,174, doi:10.1029/JD094iD08p11165 (1989). | ||
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| Timmreck, C. et al. Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21708, doi:10.1029/2009GL040083 (2009). | Timmreck, C. et al. Limited temperature response to the very large AD 1258 volcanic eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21708, doi:10.1029/2009GL040083 (2009). | ||
pmip3/design/lm/final.txt · Last modified: 2014/10/02 20:05 by kaplan
