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other:putty_conf [2020/08/03 08:43] jypeter Improved |
other:putty_conf [2022/08/01 14:57] jypeter [Installation] Improved |
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===== Installation ===== | ===== Installation ===== | ||
- | Download and install the [[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/|latest version of PuTTY]] | + | [[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/|PuTTY Web site]] |
+ | |||
+ | You can install the latest version of PuTTY directly from [[https://apps.microsoft.com/store/detail/XPFNZKSKLBP7RJ|Microsoft Store]], or download the latest [[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html|64-bit msi installer]] | ||
===== Launching PuTTY/Pageant ===== | ===== Launching PuTTY/Pageant ===== | ||
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===== Configuring PuTTY ===== | ===== Configuring PuTTY ===== | ||
- | Launch the session/configuration manager: (Right click on) ''Pageant'' => ''New Session'' | + | Launch the session/configuration manager: (Right click on) ''Pageant'' => ''New Session''\\ {{ :other:putty_03.png?direct&300 |}} |
- | * You can keep most PuTTY's default settings. This section will show you how to create your first //session profile//, with some useful options. If you want to add another session, just ''Load'' an existing (and properly configured) session, ''Save'' it under a new name, and the change the session details | + | * You can keep most PuTTY's default settings. This section will show you how to create your first //session profile//, with some useful options. If you want to add another session later, just ''Load'' an existing (and properly configured) session, ''Save'' it under a new name, and the change the session details |
- | * When changing a setting, select a (sub-)**Category** in the left part of the PuTTY Configuration windows, and change the displayed settings in the right part of the window. | + | * When changing a setting, select a (sub-)**Category in the left part** of the PuTTY Configuration windows, and change the displayed **settings in the right part** of the window. |
* After changing the settings of an existing Session, **do not forget to go back to the //Session// category and click ''Save''!** | * After changing the settings of an existing Session, **do not forget to go back to the //Session// category and click ''Save''!** | ||
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In the ''Session'' category: | In the ''Session'' category: | ||
- | * Specify a **Host Name**: e.g. ''ssh1.lsce.ipsl.fr'' for the LSCE access server | + | * Specify a **Host Name**: e.g. ''ssh1.lsce.ipsl.fr'' for the //LSCE access server// (also called //LSCE gateway//) |
- | * Specify a matching session name in Saved Sessions: e.g. ''ssh1'' | + | * Specify a matching session name in **Saved Sessions**: e.g. ''ssh1'' |
- | * Click on ''Save'' to save the session\\ {{ :other:putty_04.png?direct |}} | + | * Click on **Save** to save the session\\ {{ :other:putty_04.png?direct |}} |
- | FIXME | + | If you are in a hurry, you can connect to the Linux server by clicking on **Open**, but you should first change some useful settings |
- | * The best way to use PuTTY, is to use it with Pageant: | + | ==== Changing some useful settings ==== |
- | * Start Menu => Putty menu => Pageant (this will just put the Pageant icon in the rightmost part of the taskbar, the icon may even me masked) | + | |
- | * Right-click on the Pageant icon and choose: | + | |
- | * **New session** to define a new server you want to connect to | + | |
- | * Recommended settings: FIXME | + | |
- | * **Saved Sessions** to connect to a server | + | |
- | * **Add key** to select a private ssh key and type/store the matching pass phrase (if you have a private ssh key you generated on Linux, you need to convert it with Putty Menu => PuTTYgen) | + | |
- | FIXME | + | * In the ''Windows'' => ''Selection'' category: |
+ | * Select **xterm** for the mouse buttons behavior. This will allow you to use the mouse buttons in the Putty terminal the same way you would use them in an standard Linux //xterm// terminal: **Copy** text with the left button, and **Paste** it with the middle button\\ {{ :other:putty_05.png?direct |}} | ||
+ | * In the ''Connection'' => ''Data'' category: | ||
+ | * Specify your login name in **Auto-login username**. This way you won't have to type it when you connect to the Linux server\\ {{ :other:putty_06.png?direct |}} | ||
+ | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''Auth'' category: | ||
+ | * Select **Allow agent forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -A option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_07.png?direct |}} | ||
+ | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''X11'' category: | ||
+ | * Select **Enable X11 forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -X option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_08.png?direct |}} | ||
- | ===== Adding and configuring a new session ===== | + | * When you have finished updating settings, **do not forget to go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and Save the session**!\\ {{ :other:putty_09.png?direct |}} |
- | ===== Making ssh tunnels with Putty ===== | + | ==== Adding more sessions ==== |
+ | |||
+ | === Direct connection to a remote server === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Select an existing session (e.g. the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]] defined above) and click on **Load** | ||
+ | * Update the values of the **Host Name** and **Saved Session** (the name of the new profile you want) text fields, and settings\\ e.g. for connecting to LSCE **from INSIDE LSCE** use: | ||
+ | * ''Host Name'' => ''obelix'' | ||
+ | * ''Saved Session'' => ''obelix (direct connection)'' | ||
+ | * Go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and **Save** the session | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Connection through a gateway === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Select an existing //gateway// session and click on **Load**.\\ For connecting to LSCE **from OUTSIDE LSCE**, select the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]]\\ If you are at LSCE, but use the //eduroam// or the //guest// **WiFi network**, you are considered as being //outside LSCE//! | ||
+ | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' category, specify the command used to connect to the target server in the **Remote command** field\\ e.g. **for LSCE**, use: | ||
+ | * ''ssh -X -A obelix'' (check the [[other:ssh#standard_usage|useful ssh options]] for more details on the options)\\ {{ :other:putty_10.png?direct |}} | ||
+ | * Go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'', specify a new profile name in **Saved Sessions** (e.g. ''obelix via ssh1'') and **Save** the session\\ {{ :other:putty_11.png?direct |}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Daily usage of PuTTY/Pageant ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note: PuTTY will ask your password each time you open a session, unless you have [[#using_ssh_keys|ssh keys, and you use Pageant to store your passphrase]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Starting a session from Pageant ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Once you have [[#launching_putty_pageant|started pageant]], and [[#using_putty_pageant|configured sessions]], you can easily open terminals on the remote servers by right-clicking on the pageant icon, and selecting a **Saved Session**. \\ {{ :other:putty_12.png?direct |}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Starting a session from a desktop shortcut ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is also possible to create a shortcut on the desktop to start a specific session! | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Right-click on the desktop and select ''New'' => ''Shortcut'' | ||
+ | * Specify the location of ''putty.exe'': ''C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe'' | ||
+ | * Specify the name of the shortcut, and save the shortcut\\ e.g. ''obelix via ssh1'' | ||
+ | * Right-click on the shortcut and select **Properties**, then add the name of the desired profile to the existing target\\ e.g. ''"C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" -load "obelix via ssh1"'' | ||
+ | * Click **OK** to save the changes | ||
+ | * You can now connect to the remote server just by clicking on the shortcut! | ||
===== Using ssh keys ===== | ===== Using ssh keys ===== | ||
+ | Read the [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|Using ssh keys]] section if you don't know what //ssh keys// are | ||
+ | ==== Existing ssh keys ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Importing or creating ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Launch the PuTTY Key Generator:\\ ''Start'' => ''PuTTY'' => ''PuTTYgen'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * If you already have a private ssh keys generated on another computer, ''id_rsa'', you just have to use PuTTYgen to **import the private key**, and save it to a ''.ppk'' file that ''Pageant'' can use | ||
+ | * Import the key (and type the passphrase, when asked) with: ''Conversions''=>''Import key''\\ {{ :other:putty_21.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
+ | * Then click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_22.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
+ | * If you don't have a set of ssh keys, follow the steps below to **create private and public keys** | ||
+ | * Make sure that the type of key (at the bottom of the PuTTYgen window) is ''RSA'' and that the number of bits is ''4096'' | ||
+ | * Click on the ''Generate'' button and move your mouse to generate some random information | ||
+ | * Type your ''Key passphrase'' and confirm it | ||
+ | * Click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_23.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
+ | * Click on the ''Save public key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.pub'' file | ||
+ | * Click on ''Conversions''=>''Export OpenSSH key'', and create a (standard) ''id_rsa'' file\\ You will not need this file with Putty, but it is just in case you need to use your private key later on a Linux computer | ||