other:putty_conf
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other:putty_conf [2022/08/03 12:27] jypeter [Changing some useful settings] |
other:putty_conf [2022/08/08 15:54] jypeter [Changing some useful settings] Added link to X server page |
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| ====== Configuring and using PuTTY/Pageant ====== | ====== Configuring and using PuTTY/Pageant ====== | ||
| - | PuTTY is a free and easy to use [[other:ssh|ssh client]] for **Windows**. You can use it to connect to your favorite remote Linux servers in text mode, and start remote graphical applications if you also have a running [[other:win10wsl#installing_an_x_server|X server]] | + | PuTTY is a free and easy to use [[other:ssh|ssh client]] for **Windows**. You can use it to connect to your favorite remote Linux servers in text mode, and start remote graphical applications if you also have a running [[other:x_conf|X server]] |
| ===== Installation ===== | ===== Installation ===== | ||
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| * Select **Allow agent forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -A option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_07.png?direct |}} | * Select **Allow agent forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -A option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_07.png?direct |}} | ||
| * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''X11'' category: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' => ''X11'' category: | ||
| - | * Select **Enable X11 forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -X option]]\\ {{ :other:putty_08.png?direct |}} | + | * Select **Enable X11 forwarding**. This is the same as [[/other:ssh#standard_usage|using ssh with the -X option]]\\ Note: remember that you will also need an [[other:x_conf|X server running]] in order to display graphics!\\ {{ :other:putty_08.png?direct |}} |
| * When you have finished updating the settings, **do not forget to go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and Save the session**!\\ {{ :other:putty_09.png?direct |}} | * When you have finished updating the settings, **do not forget to go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and Save the session**!\\ {{ :other:putty_09.png?direct |}} | ||
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| * Click on ''Open'' to connect to the specified host with the updated settings, and check that things are working properly\\ The first time you connect to a server, you will get a ''PuTTY Security Alert'' window, where you have to click on ''Accept'' to tell PuTTY that you trust the connection to this new server\\ {{ :other:putty_new_host.png?direct |}} | * Click on ''Open'' to connect to the specified host with the updated settings, and check that things are working properly\\ The first time you connect to a server, you will get a ''PuTTY Security Alert'' window, where you have to click on ''Accept'' to tell PuTTY that you trust the connection to this new server\\ {{ :other:putty_new_host.png?direct |}} | ||
| - | ==== Adding more sessions ==== | + | ==== Adding more connection profiles ==== |
| [[other:putty_conf#launching_putty_pageant|Start Pageant]], and then the //PuTTY Configuration manager//: (Right click on) ''Pageant'' => ''New Session'' | [[other:putty_conf#launching_putty_pageant|Start Pageant]], and then the //PuTTY Configuration manager//: (Right click on) ''Pageant'' => ''New Session'' | ||
| - | === Direct connection to a remote server === | + | === New profile for a direct connection to a remote server === |
| * Select an existing session (e.g. the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]] defined above) and click on **Load** | * Select an existing session (e.g. the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]] defined above) and click on **Load** | ||
| * Update the values of the **Host Name** and **Saved Session** (the name of the new profile you want) text fields, and settings | * Update the values of the **Host Name** and **Saved Session** (the name of the new profile you want) text fields, and settings | ||
| - | * connecting to **LSCE from INSIDE LSCE**: | + | * Example: connecting to **LSCE from INSIDE LSCE**\\ (inside <=> computer connected to the wired network): |
| * ''Host Name'' => ''obelix'' | * ''Host Name'' => ''obelix'' | ||
| * ''Saved Session'' => ''obelix (direct connection)'' | * ''Saved Session'' => ''obelix (direct connection)'' | ||
| - | * connecting to [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/MESO_User/Quick_start.html|ciclad]]: | + | * Example: connecting to [[https://documentations.ipsl.fr/MESO_User/Quick_start.html|ciclad]]: |
| * ''Host Name'' => ''ciclad.ipsl.upmc.fr'' | * ''Host Name'' => ''ciclad.ipsl.upmc.fr'' | ||
| * ''Saved Session'' => ''ciclad'' | * ''Saved Session'' => ''ciclad'' | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
| * Go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and **Save** the session | * Go back to ''Category'' => ''Session'' and **Save** the session | ||
| - | === Connection through a gateway === | + | === New profile with a connection through a gateway === |
| - | * Select an existing //gateway// session and click on **Load**.\\ For connecting to LSCE **from OUTSIDE LSCE**, select the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]]\\ If you are at LSCE, but use the //eduroam// or the //guest// **WiFi network**, you are considered as being //outside LSCE//! | + | * Select an existing //gateway// session (e.g. ''ssh1'') and click on **Load**.\\ For connecting to LSCE **from OUTSIDE LSCE**, select the [[#creating_a_new_session|ssh1 profile]]\\ If you are at LSCE, but use the //eduroam// or the //guest// **WiFi network**, you are considered as being //outside LSCE//! |
| * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' category, specify the command used to connect to the target server in the **Remote command** field\\ e.g. **for LSCE**, use: | * In the ''Connection'' => ''SSH'' category, specify the command used to connect to the target server in the **Remote command** field\\ e.g. **for LSCE**, use: | ||
| * ''ssh -X -A obelix'' (check the [[other:ssh#standard_usage|useful ssh options]] for more details on the options)\\ {{ :other:putty_10b.png?direct |}} | * ''ssh -X -A obelix'' (check the [[other:ssh#standard_usage|useful ssh options]] for more details on the options)\\ {{ :other:putty_10b.png?direct |}} | ||
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| * ''%%"C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" -load "obelix (direct)"%%'' | * ''%%"C:\Program Files\PuTTY\putty.exe" -load "obelix (direct)"%%'' | ||
| * Click **OK** to save the changes | * Click **OK** to save the changes | ||
| - | * You can now connect to the remote server just by clicking on the desktop shortcut, instead of right-clicking on the Pageant icon! | + | * You can now connect to the remote server just by clicking on the desktop shortcut, instead of right-clicking on the ''Pageant'' icon! |
| ===== Using ssh keys ===== | ===== Using ssh keys ===== | ||
| Read the [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|Using ssh keys]] section if you don't know what //ssh keys// are | Read the [[other:ssh#using_ssh_keys|Using ssh keys]] section if you don't know what //ssh keys// are | ||
| - | ==== Existing ssh keys ==== | + | <WRAP center round important 80%> |
| + | * **Do not lose** the (existing) ssh keys files you have, or the keys that you will create | ||
| + | * It's a very good idea to **keep a copy of these files** on another computer! | ||
| - | ==== Importing or creating ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | + | * **Do not forget** the passphrase that will be used to unlock the private key |
| - | * Launch the PuTTY Key Generator:\\ ''Start'' => ''PuTTY'' => ''PuTTYgen'' | + | * If you save the passphrase in a file, **do not** put this file in the same place as the ssh keys |
| - | * If you already have a private ssh keys generated on another computer, ''id_rsa'', you just have to use PuTTYgen to **import the private key**, and save it to a ''.ppk'' file that ''Pageant'' can use | + | * Easiest thing to do is probably to store the key files in an ''ssh'' sub-directory somewhere |
| - | * Import the key (and type the passphrase, when asked) with: ''Conversions''=>''Import key''\\ {{ :other:putty_21.png?direct&300 |}} | + | * We assume below that they keys are in a sub-directory of your [[other:win10config#the_most_important_folders|local HOME FOLDER]]\\ \\ <some_disk_different_from_c>:\Users\<your_login>\ssh\ |
| - | * Then click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_22.png?direct&300 |}} | + | </WRAP> |
| - | * If you don't have a set of ssh keys, follow the steps below to **create private and public keys** | ||
| - | * Make sure that the type of key (at the bottom of the PuTTYgen window) is ''RSA'' and that the number of bits is ''4096'' | ||
| - | * Click on the ''Generate'' button and move your mouse to generate some random information | ||
| - | * Type your ''Key passphrase'' and confirm it | ||
| - | * Click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_23.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
| - | * Click on the ''Save public key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.pub'' file | ||
| - | * Click on ''Conversions''=>''Export OpenSSH key'', and create a (standard) ''id_rsa'' file\\ You will not need this file with Putty, but it is just in case you need to use your private key later on a Linux computer | ||
| + | Launching the ''PuTTY Key Generator'': ''Start'' => ''PuTTY'' => ''PuTTYgen'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Converting existing ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | If you already have a private ssh keys generated on another computer (e.g. an ''id_rsa'' text file), you just have to use ''PuTTYgen'' to **import the existing private key**, and then export it to a //converted// ''.ppk'' file that ''Pageant'' can use | ||
| + | * Import the key (and type the passphrase, when asked) with: ''Conversions''=>''Import key''\\ {{ :other:putty_21.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
| + | * Then click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_22.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Creating ssh keys with PuTTYgen ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | If you don't have a set of ssh keys, follow the steps below to **create private and public keys** | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Make sure that the type of key (at the bottom of the ''PuTTYgen'' window) is ''RSA'' and that the number of bits is ''4096'' | ||
| + | * Click on the ''Generate'' button and move your mouse to generate some random information | ||
| + | * Type your ''Key passphrase'' and confirm it | ||
| + | * Click on the ''Save private key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.ppk'' file (or ''any_name_you_want.ppk'')\\ {{ :other:putty_23.png?direct&400 |}} | ||
| + | * Click on the ''Save public key'' button, and create a ''id_rsa.pub'' file | ||
| + | * You will need to [[other:ssh#installing_ssh_keys|install the public key]] on all the remote Linux server that you want to connect to using the ssh agent, instead of typing your password | ||
| + | * Click on ''Conversions''=>''Export OpenSSH key'', and create a (standard) ''id_rsa'' file\\ You will not need this file with Putty, but it is just in case you need to use your private key later on a Linux computer | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Using the private key in Pageant ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | We assume that the **private key file** is available locally in ''<some_disk_different_from_c>:\Users\<your_login>\ssh\'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Start ''Pageant'' and open the ''Pageant Key List'' window by: | ||
| + | * Double-clicking (left mouse button) on ''Pageant'' | ||
| + | * Or right-clicking on ''Pageant'' and choosing ''View keys'' | ||
| + | * Click on ''Add Key'', navigate to the directory where you have stored the ''.ppk'' converted private key file (e.g. ''\Users\<your_login>\ssh\''), open it and type your passphrase. You can ''Close'' the ''Pageant Key List'' once the key appears there\\ {{ :other:putty_private.png?direct&300 |}} | ||
| + | * If everything was done correctly, you should now be able to open the //Sessions// defined in ''Pageant'', on remote servers where the **public key matching the private key** used in ''Pageant'' was [[other:ssh#installing_ssh_keys|installed correctly]] | ||
| /* standard page footer */ | /* standard page footer */ | ||
other/putty_conf.txt · Last modified: 2024/05/29 15:43 by jypeter
