Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- other:win10config [2020/01/31 18:09] – jypeter
+++ other:win10config [2022/09/13 16:12] (current) – [Creating folder shortcuts on the desktop] Added shortcut for WSL folders jypeter
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Windows 10 Configuration ======
+====== LSCE Windows 10 Configuration (recommended by JYP) ======
+[[other:index#windows_10_notes|Other Windows 10 related notes]]
+===== Accessing the Windows Settings =====
+The easiest way to access the main Windows Settings panel is to press the special //Windows// key on the keyboard and the ''I'' key: ''Win'' + ''I''
+This is same thing as clicking on the Windows //Start// icon (at the bottom left of the screen) and then on the //Settings// (cogwheel) icon
+The main panel looks like this, by default{{ :other:win_settings_initial_dacct.png?direct&400 |}}
+You can click on //C'est parti!// and then make sure that you **click on the //Remind me later//** in the device configuration window{{ :other:win_config_finalize.png?direct&200 |}}
+The //new// Settings panel will then have a direct shortcut to the //Windows Update// panel{{ :other:win_settings_standard_dacct.png?nolink&400 |}}
+===== Knowing your LSCE computer =====
+==== Some practical details ====
+Your LSCE computer is your (best) friend. It can be useful to know its name, if you need to [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:newppl:starting#getting_help_from_the_lsce_system_administrators|get technical help from the LSCE admins]]. One of the ways to determine the computer name is to use the [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:bios#from_windows|msinfo32 command]].
+==== The available accounts ====
+You will use some of the following accounts on your **Windows** computer:
+  * your **regular ''your_login'' LSCE account**, **followed** by the ''@LSCE.IPSL.FR'' string: ''your_login@LSCE.IPSL.FR''
+    * you should see your account information at the top of the Settings window you get when you type ''Win''+''I''\\ {{ :other:win_settings_standard_dacct.png?direct&400 |}}
+    * the password is the same one you use to access the LSCE ''obelix'' servers
+    * this account will fortunately work even when you are not connected to the LSCE network! Read [[other:win10config#starting_your_computer_faster|Starting your computer faster]] if you don't like waiting when opening a session
+    * you will also have to use ''your_login'' (**without** ''@LSCE.IPSL.FR'') and your LSCE password when accessing some links on this web page (that you are reading now), pointing to pages located on the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/|LSCE intranet]], if you are outside of LSCE
+   * the **administrator account**, that you will need when changing some of your computer's settings, or when installing/updating some programs: ''.\admin''
+    * use ''.\admin'' in the popups asking you for an account with //admin// privileges, or possibly on the Windows login screen
+    * the specific admin password was initialized by the sysadmins when they configured your computer. Send a mail to [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:newppl:starting#getting_help_from_the_lsce_system_administrators|help-lsce]] if you forget it
+  * your **local account** that you //may// need in some **very rare** cases (e.g. when trying to activate your Microsoft account on your LSCE computer, which you probably do not want)
+    * use ''.\//your_login//'' on the Windows login screen if you need to use your local account
+    * if you don't know the local password of your local account, use the ''.\admin'' account to change it, or ask [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:newppl:starting#getting_help_from_the_lsce_system_administrators|help-lsce]]
+      * there is a good chance that you don't really need to use your local account... Ask [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:newppl:starting#getting_help_from_the_lsce_system_administrators|help-lsce]]
+  * Your **Microsoft account**
+    * Warning! Using **a Microsoft account on a LSCE computer may have some inconvenient side effects**
+    * More information in the [[#using_your_microsoft_account|Using your Microsoft account]] section
+===== Starting your computer faster =====
+  * If your computer has been configured at LSCE, it will always try to connect to the LSCE (local) network to check if your password has changed, when you type your password on the login screen.\\ \\ **If you are not on the LSCE wired network** (e.g when you use the //eduroam// or //ORME ACCES// (aka //guest//) WiFi or when you are outside LSCE), there will be a 1-2 minutes delay until Windows is sure that it can't connect to the LSCE password server before starting the session... Windows is not slow, this is just an **annoying connection timeout delay**.\\ \\ The **easy workaround** is just to temporarily interrupt the network, type your password, and then restart the network
+    * laptop + WiFi: you just have to activate the **airplane mode**, type your password, and leave the airplane mode
+      * **Activating airplane mode** from the login screen: look for //disable Wi-Fi// in [[https://www.windowscentral.com/how-enable-or-disable-airplane-mode-windows-10|How to enable or disable Airplane mode on Windows 10]]
+      * **Turning off airplane mode** from an active session: [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/turn-airplane-mode-on-or-off-f2c2e0a1-706f-ff26-c4b2-4a37f9796df1|Turn airplane mode on or off]]
+    * Desktop or laptop connected to an ethernet cable outside LSCE: in this rare case, just be patient, or temporarily unplug the network cable
+  * When you (re)start your computer, you have to wait for Windows to start, launch your applications, type your passwords, etc... Fortunately, you can also **restart from the exact same state when you stopped using the computer**, by [[other:win10config#checking_power_settings_and_activating_hibernation|using the hibernation mode]] (aka //Mise en veille prolongée//).
+    * Your computer will **not** use the battery when it is hibernating
+    * All network connections will of course be brutally closed when your computer enters hibernation, so it is better to cleanly close the remote applications (text editors, etc...) and terminals before hibernation
+===== Laptop: touchpad settings =====
+There are many actions that you can perform with a touchpad, instead of using a 2-3 buttons mouse, including simulating a right-click and middle-click. Impress your friends and Mac users with what you can do with your fingers
+Be sure to:
+  * at least have a quick look at[[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/touch-gestures-for-windows-a9d28305-4818-a5df-4e2b-e5590f850741|Touchpad gestures for Windows]] page
+  * check and configure/improve the default Settings: ''Win''+''I'' => ''Devices'' => ''Touchpad''
+    * this is The Place where you can specify that tapping the touchpad with **THREE fingers** will simulate clicking on the **Middle Button** of a mouse
+      * Reminder: tapping the touchpad with **TWO fingers** will simulate clicking on the **Right Button** of a mouse
+===== Using keyboard shortcuts =====
+There are more shortcuts than ''CTRL-C'', ''CTRL-V'' and ''CTRL-Z''!
+You can easily save some time by learning other
+[[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12445/windows-keyboard-shortcuts|Windows keyboard shortcuts]]. Have at least a quick look at the page and visit it again later
+Examples:
+  * ''Win'' + ''I'': open Windows Settings
+    * That's faster than clicking on ''Start'' and then clicking on ''Settings'' (the cogwheel icon)...
+  * ''Win'' + ''L'': lock screen
+===== Laptop and WiFi =====
+==== LSCE guest network ====
+This is the network your guests can use when they visit LSCE, but this is also a way for **you** to get WiFi access at LSCE when //eduroam// is not configured yet. Do not forget that you will need to download a configuration package before you can use eduroam
+[[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/wifi/index.php|guest network configuration]]
+==== eduroam network ====
+This is the most convenient way to use WiFi at LSCE, and when you travel to other research labs (including foreign labs)
+Do not forget to take care of the [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/wifi/eduroam.php|eduroam network configuration]] when you are at LSCE and when you can easily make sure that eduroam is working correctly!
 ===== Activating system protection by Recovery =====
@@ Line 5: / Line 95: @@
 Visit [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12415/windows-10-recovery-options|Recovery options in Windows 10]] and follow the steps below to make sure that the //system protection by recovery// is activated:
   * **English**: follow the steps in //Restore from a system restore point// and make sure that //Turn on system protection// option is activated for the ''C:\'' drive
-  * **Français**: suivez les instructions dans //Restauration à partir d'un point de restauration système// et vérifiez que //Activer la protection du système// est sélectionnée pour le disque ''C:\''
+  * **Français**: suivez le début des instructions dans //Restaurer à partir d'un point de restauration système// et vérifiez que la protection du système est Activée pour le disque ''C:\''
+    * Plus précisément: ''Panneau de configuration'' => Chercher //recovery// => ''Configurer la Restauration du système'' => Vérifier si la protection de ''C:\'' est //Activée// dans l'onglet //Protection du système// du panneau ''Propriétés système''. Sinon sélectionner ''C:\'' puis cliquer sur ''Configurer...''
+===== Updating your computer (Windows, MS Office, drivers, ...) =====
+<WRAP center round important 60%>
+**LSCE users**:
+January 2022 - Windows Update may tell you that your computer is ready to upgrade to Windows 11
+**=> Do not upgrade to Windows 11 yet**!
+</WRAP>
+Even if your computer is brand new, it may not be completely up-to-date... [[https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/other:win10maintain|Check the windows and computer manufacturer updates]] several times when you are configuring your new computer.
+Keep on **checking regularly for updates** later. Depending on your settings, you //may// receive notifications that //some// updates are available, but it is safer to check regularly yourself
 ===== Displaying the Computer icon on the desktop =====
@@ Line 13: / Line 119: @@
 [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4027090/windows-show-desktop-icons-in-windows-10|Show desktop icons in Windows 10]]
+===== Using the VPN =====
+A correct VPN (Virtual Private Network) configuration will allow you to access CEA resources (LSCE is //outside// the CEA network), and LSCE resources (e.g. disk servers, jupyterhub) as if your computer was physically connected to the LSCE network
+[[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/intra-cea.php|VPN usage and configuration]]
 ===== Configuring folders and shortcuts =====
@@ Line 19: / Line 130: @@
 ==== The most important folders ====
-You should have most of your files in the two following folders (create them if they don't exist yet):
+You should have most of your files in (sub-folders of) the two following folders (create them if they don't exist yet). If you are moving from another computer, maybe you just have to copy these [[other:win7migrate#be_ready_to_move_your_files|folders from the previous computer]]
-  * Local //HOME// FOLDER: ''<some_disk:>\Users\<your_login>''
-    * This is where you keep your work. **Do not** put this folder on the ''C:\'' system disk/partition (unless you have only one partition on the computer)
+=== Local HOME FOLDER ===
-    * This folder is different from your Windows //User// folder! => ''C:\Users\<your_login>''
-      * Documents on your desktop are located in ''C:\Users\<your_login>\Desktop''
+''<some_disk_different_from_c>:\Users\<your_login>''
-    * Remember to make a backup of this folder regularly!
-      * You can use a [[other:win10apps#backup_software|Backup program]] to save your work
+  * This is where you keep your work. **Do not** put this folder on the ''C:\'' system disk/partition (unless you have only one partition on the computer)
-  * Local //SCRATCH// FOLDER: ''<another_disk:>\Scratch\<your_login>''
+  * This folder is **different** from your Windows //User// folder! => ''C:\Users\<your_login>''
-    * The place where you store your temporary files, installation programs, etc...
+    * Note: documents on your desktop are located in ''C:\Users\<your_login>\Desktop''
-    * It's OK to put this folder on the ''C:\'' drive if you have enough space
+  * Remember to make a backup of this folder regularly!
-    * Remember to clean this folder from time to time, especially if you need some disk space
+    * You can use a [[other:win10apps#backup_software|Backup program]] to easily and quickly save your work
+=== Local SCRATCH FOLDER ===
+''<some_disk_with_enough_space>:\Scratch\<your_login>''
+  * The place where you store your temporary files, installation programs, etc...
+  * It's OK to put this folder on the ''C:\'' drive, if you have enough space on ''C:\''
+  * Remember to clean this folder from time to time, especially if you need some disk space
+=== Local OWNCLOUD FOLDER ===
+''<some_disk_different_from_c>:\Users\<your_login>_owncloud''
+  * You can take care of this **later**, **only** if you need to [[other:lsce_cloud|use sharebox and ownCloud]]
+  * It's convenient to have your //HOME// (''<your_login>'') and //OWNCLOUD// (''<your_login>_owncloud'') folders close together (i.e. as sub-directories of the same folder)
+    * Remember that your space on the //sharebox// server is limited !
+    * Only put in the //OWNCLOUD// folder the data that you want to mirror to the LSCE cloud, and possibly share with other computers
 ==== Creating folder shortcuts on the desktop ====
 === Local folders ===
-Use the file explorer to go to your local //Home// folder inside the ''Users'' folder (the ''Users'' that is not on the ''C:'' disk), click on the small folder icon at the left of the bar displaying the folder location, and drag the icon on the desktop. This will create a shortcut that you can rename //Home Local//
+  * Use the file explorer to go to your [[other:win10config#the_most_important_folders|local HOME folder]], click on the small folder icon at the left of the bar displaying the folder location, and drag the icon on the desktop. This will create a shortcut that you can rename //Home Local//
-Do the same thing to create a //Scratch Local// shortcut on the desktop, pointing to ''<another_disk:>\Scratch\<your_login>''
+  * Do the same thing to create a //Scratch Local// shortcut on the desktop, pointing to the [[other:win10config#the_most_important_folders|local SCRATCH folder]]
+    * if the //Scratch// folder is on ''C:\'', right-click on the ''<your_login>'' folder in ''Scratch'' and select //Create a shortcut//, then drag the created shortcut to the desktop
+  * Do the same thing to create a //Home Cloud// shortcut on the desktop, pointing to the [[other:win10config#the_most_important_folders|local OWNCLOUD folder]]
+  * Note: if you install [[other:win10wsl|Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and Ubuntu]] later, you can also create a //Home WSL// shortcut to your local Linux home directory in ''\\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\<your_login>''
 === Folders on the LSCE servers ===
-When your computer is connected to the LSCE network, open the file explorer, copy paste ''\\dfshost\dfs\home'' in the location field and press <Return> to display the content of your Linux home directory. Grab the folder icon at the left of the location field, drop it on the desktop and rename it //Home Linux//.
+When your computer is physically connected to the LSCE network (or connected to the [[other:win10config#using_the_vpn|LSCE VPN]] !!), open the file explorer, type ''\\dfshost\dfs\home'' in the location field and press ''Return'' to display the content of your Linux home directory. Grab the folder icon at the left of the location field, drop it on the desktop and rename it //Home Linux//.
 Do the same thing with ''\\dfshost\dfs\scratch01\<your_login>'' and create a //Scratch Linux// shortcut
-<note tip>You can access other LSCE remote disks by starting from the ''\\dfshost\dfs'' location and navigating to the disk you are interested in</note>
+<note tip>
+  * You can access other LSCE remote disks by starting from the ''\\dfshost\dfs'' location and navigating to the disk you are interested in
+  * For security reasons, only backed up disks and ''scratch01'' can be accessed from Windows with ''dfs''
+</note>
+=== Local Linux folders ===
+If you are using [[other:win10wsl|Windows Subsystem for Linux and Ubuntu]] on your computer, it will be very useful to be able to access //local// Linux files from Windows!
+Open the file explorer, type ''\\wsl$'' in the location field and press ''Return'' to display the content of your local Linux files. Grab the folder icon at the left of the location field, drop it on the desktop and rename it //Local Linux//. Note: the //virtual// ''\\wsl$'' folder will only display some content if a local Linux is actually running!
-==== Displaying hidden folders ====
+==== Displaying hidden folders and files, and the files' extension ====
-Follow the steps in [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/14201/windows-show-hidden-files|Show hidden files (Windows 10)]]
+Follow the steps in [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/14201/windows-show-hidden-files|Show hidden files (Windows 10)]] in order to open the File Explorer options' panel
-In the //View// tab, you should also **uncheck** the option //Hide extensions for known file types//
+In the **//View//**(EN)/**//Affichage//**(FR) tab:
+  * **select** //Show hidden files, folders, and drives//
+    * FR:  //Afficher les fichiers, dossiers et lecteurs cachés//
+  * **uncheck** the option //Hide extensions for known file types//
+    * FR: //Masquer les extensions des fichiers dont le type est connu//
 ===== Checking power settings and activating hibernation =====
 <note tip>You may want to use different settings for
   * a **desktop** that is always connected to a power source and the LSCE network
-  * a **laptop** where you want to spare the battery
+  * a **laptop** with a battery you want to spare
     * You can also spare a laptop's battery by disabling Wifi and Bluetooth when you don't need them
 </note>
@@ Line 64: / Line 209: @@
   * Check/choose when the **screen** and **PC** should go to sleep
     * <wrap em>If you have to maintain a network connection</wrap> (''ssh'', ''VcXsrv'', etc…) **you have to** set up the options so that the computer will **never** go to sleep (at least not when it's connected to a power source, for laptops!)
-      * Select **Never** in the //Sleep// pull-down menu
+      * Select **Never** (or a duration longer than your lunch break) in the //Sleep// pull-down menu
   * Go to //Additional power settings// => //Choose what the power button does// => //Change settings that are currently unavailable//
-    * Select when the computer should sleep, hibernate or shutdown, depending on buttons/keys you use
+    * Select when the computer should sleep (FR: //Veille//), hibernate (FR: //Veille prolongée//) or shutdown, depending on buttons/keys you use
-    * If you have a **laptop**, it's really useful to enable //Hibernate// when you press the //Sleep// button of the laptop (''Fn'' key and the function key with a moon logo).\\ When your laptop is in //Sleep// mode, it will still use some of the battery, but no power is required for the //Hibernate// mode.
+    * If you have a **laptop** that has a dedicated //Sleep// button (e.g. ''Fn'' key and the function key with a moon logo), it is really useful to enable //Hibernate when you press the Sleep button// of the laptop
+      * If your laptop has no dedicated //Sleep// button, you can still choose to sleep/hibernate in the ''Start''=>''Power'' menu
+    * When your laptop is in //Sleep// mode, it will still use some of the battery, but **no power is required for the //Hibernate// mode**.
 [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/13770/windows-shut-down-sleep-hibernate-your-pc|More details]]
-Tech note: if you want to save space and remove the hibernation file (C:\hiberfil.sys) on a desktop because you know that you will never use //hibernate//, you can just type ''powercfg -h off'' in a cmd shell (''powercfg -h on'' to re-activate). You should always use hibernation on a laptop, for performance reasons
+Tech notes:
-===== Using keyboard shortcuts =====
+  * If you want to save space and remove the hibernation file (''C:\hiberfil.sys'') on a desktop because you know that you will never use //hibernate//, you can just type ''powercfg -h off'' in a cmd shell (''powercfg -h on'' to re-activate). You should always use hibernation on a laptop, for performance reasons
+  * On a laptop, you can generate an HTML file with useful battery information (that will be saved to ''C:\Users\jypeter\battery-report.html'')\\ ''powercfg /batteryreport''
-You can save some time by learning
-[[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12445/windows-keyboard-shortcuts|Windows keyboard shortcuts]]
 ===== Working with virtual desktops =====
-[[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4028538/windows-10-multiple-desktops|Creating a new (virtual) desktop]]
+==== Usage ====
-[[https://www.howtogeek.com/197625/how-to-use-virtual-desktops-in-windows-10/|Using virtual desktops]]
+Open the Task View with ''Win''+''Tab'', or by clicking on the ''Task View'' button, and click on ''New desktop''. You can click on a desktop name to rename it and organize your work more efficiently (existing desktops and names will be preserved when you reboot your computer).
+{{ :other:win_taskbar.png |}}
+It's very easy to move windows from one desktop to another, and to **use keyboard shortcuts** to switch between existing desktops, but you should start with a [[https://www.pcworld.com/article/422717/how-to-use-windows-10s-task-view-and-virtual-desktops.html#virtual-desktops|quick tutorial]] (or an [[https://www.howtogeek.com/197625/how-to-use-virtual-desktops-in-windows-10/|older tutorial]])
 ==== Keyboard shortcuts ====
@@ Line 93: / Line 242: @@
   * Close current desktop: ''Win'' + ''CTRL'' + ''F4''
-[[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12445/windows-keyboard-shortcuts|More about Windows shortcuts]]
+[[other:win10config#using_keyboard_shortcuts|More Windows keyboard shortcuts]]
 ===== Restoring applications' settings from another computer =====
+It is possible to restore some applications' settings, when they are located in a standard folder
   * [[other:thunderbird|Thunderbird]]
   * [[other:firefox|Firefox]]
-===== Configuring eduroam =====
-Follow the steps on the LSCE [[https://intranet.lsce.ipsl.fr/informatique/en/wifi/eduroam.php|Eduroam WiFi]] page
 ===== Activating Microsoft Office update =====
-It seems that you will not automatically receive Microsoft Office updates. You have to manually activate this
+It seems that you will not automatically receive //Microsoft Office// updates. You have to [[other:win10maintain#updating_microsoft_office|manually activate this]]
-FIXME
+===== More things to check and configure =====
+  * Check the [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4468227/windows-10-activity-history-and-your-privacy-microsoft-privacy|Windows 10 activity history and your privacy]] settings to determine the //activity history// information (the files you have opened) you want to keep locally, and share with your other Windows devices (through your Microsoft account) and Microsoft.
+    * **Warning!** Using settings that are too strict may have **side effects** and prevent applications from working correctly:\\ e.g. if you specify that no application can use the camera, the camera will never work even if you have correct drivers!
+===== Using sharebox and ownCloud to share files and synchronize folders and computers =====
+<note tip>This is very useful and you should read the [[other:lsce_cloud|dedicated page]]!</note>
+===== Using your Microsoft account =====
+It's possible that you have a **Microsoft account** linked to some email address (e.g. a //gmail// address) that you use on a non-LSCE computer.
+Using a Microsoft account makes it possible to recover some settings from another Windows computer, or reinstall applications that you have bought through the //Microsoft Store//. But **using a Microsoft account on a computer configured at LSCE can have some unforeseen side effects** that you probably want to avoid... If your computer wants you to configure [[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/learn-about-windows-hello-and-set-it-up-dae28983-8242-bb2a-d3d1-87c9d265a5f0|Windows Hello]] instead of using your LSCE password, you have probably done something wrong!
+==== Connecting to the Microsoft Store ====
+It seems safe to just use the Microsoft account in the //Microsoft store//
+Check the [[other:win10maintain#updating_applications_from_the_microsoft_store|Updating applications from the Microsoft Store]] section for more details
+==== Disconnecting the Microsoft account ====
+If you have activated your Microsoft account on the computer (and not just in the Microsoft Store) and you have to deal with side effects, //you can try// to disconnect from the account in the ''Setting''s=>''Account'' panel
+{{ :other:account_info_notes.png?direct&400 |}}
 ===== Adding useful applications =====
@@ Line 113: / Line 286: @@
 ===== Configuring WSL to use Ubuntu on your computer =====
-Follow the steps on the [[other:win10wsl|Windows Subsystem for Linux, and Ubuntu]] page
+If you work on remote Linux servers, but also want to do some //Linux stuff// locally (possibly when you are offline or have a poor network connection), follow the steps on the [[other:win10wsl|Windows Subsystem for Linux, and Ubuntu]] page!